Open dialogue about important issues in earthquake science presented by Center scientists, visitors, and invitees.
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Source, path, and site effects and their role on earthquake ground motions
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Haiyang Kehoe, USGS Seismograms contain information of an earthquake source, its path through the earth, and the local geologic conditions near a recording site. Ground shaking felt on Earth’s surface is modified by each of these contributions–the spatiotemporal evolution of rupture, three-dimensional subsurface structure, and site cond…
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Solving the ground-motion puzzle one piece at a time
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Tara Nye, USGS Models of earthquake ground motion (both simulations and ground-motion models) can be likened to a puzzle with three primary pieces representing the earthquake source, site conditions, and source-to-site path. Early versions of these models were developed using average behavior of earthquakes across a variety of regions and tectonic …
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Geometric Parametrization of Sedimentary Basins in Southern California for Site Response Analysis and Modelling
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Rashid Shams, University of Southern California Site response in sedimentary basins is partially governed by mechanisms associated with three-dimensional features. This includes the generation of propagating surface waves due to trapped and refracted seismic waves, focusing of seismic energy due to basin shape and size, and resonance of the entire …
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Combining earthquake and tsunami early warnings along the west coast of the United States
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Amy Williamson, University of California Berkeley Alerts sent through earthquake early warning (EEW) programs provide precious seconds for those alerted to take simple protective actions to mitigate their seismic risk. Programs like ShakeAlert have been providing alerts for felt earthquakes across the west coast of the US for almost 5 years. Earthq…
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Splay fault dynamics at subduction and rift margins: insight from 3D dynamic rupture modeling of the Cascadia megathrust and the Mai’iu low-angle normal fault
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James Biemiller, USGS An unresolved aspect of tsunami generation in great subduction earthquakes is the offshore competition between coseismic deformation mechanisms, such as shallow megathrust slip, slip on one or more splay faults, and off-fault plastic deformation. In this presentation, we first review results from data-constrained 3D dynamic ru…
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How Fault Network Geometry Affects Earthquakes
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Jaeseok Lee, Brown University Field observations indicate that fault systems are structurally complex, yet fault slip behavior has predominantly been attributed to local fault plane properties, such as friction parameters and roughness. Although relatively unexplored, emerging observations highlight the importance of fault system geometry in the me…
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Historical Seismic Data for the Future: Preservation, Digitization, and Utility
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Thomas Lee, Harvard University Since the first seismograms were recorded in the late 19th century, the seismological community has accumulated millions of ground motion records on both paper and film. While almost all analog seismic recording ended by the late 20th century, replaced by digital media, the still-extant archives of paper and film seis…
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Marsquake Focal Mechanisms from InSight Data: Understanding the Seismotectonics of Mars
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Ross Maguire, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Seismic source parameters – including hypocentral locations and focal mechanism solutions – provide the most direct constraints for understanding tectonic stresses and deformation processes within planetary interiors. The SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure) seismometer d…
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Decadal Creep-rate Changes Along the Hayward Fault
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Roland Burgmann, University of California Berkeley Decadal changes in aseismic fault slip rate on partially coupled faults reflect long-term changes in fault loading and/or fault-frictional properties that can be related to earthquake cycle processes. We consider constraints on aseismic fault slip rates from historical alignment array measurements,…
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MyShake: Crowdsourced Data for Ground Motion Modeling and Earthquake Early Warning Performance Assessment
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Savvas Marcou, University of California Berkeley MyShake is a free smartphone application, developed at UC Berkeley, that serves as one of the main delivery mechanisms for earthquake early warning (EEW) alerts issued to the US West Coast by the USGS ShakeAlert system. While it is most well-known for delivering alerts to the public, MyShake was orig…
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