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Seminole Wars Authority

Seminole Wars Foundation

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The Seminole Wars Authority podcast looks at Seminole resistance to the United States’ campaign of Indian removal in the 1800s. We explore what the Seminole Wars were, how they came to be, how they were fought, and how they still resonate some two centuries later. We talk with historians, archaeologists, anthropologists, archivists, writers, novelists, artists, musicians, exhibitors, craftsmen, educations, park rangers, military-era reenactors, living historians, and, to the descendants of t ...
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Twenty volunteers entered the shuttered Fort Foster at Hillsboro River State Park May 6. They ripped out rotten planks from a boardwalk encompassing the inside of the palisade walls confines. This brings the replica post one step closer to re-opening when state officials re-certify it is safe to the public to do so. In this episode, Louie Bears Hea…
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In our last episode, we reviewed how three years of the Seminole Wars Authority podcast have told the story of Seminole resistance to U.S. Government removal efforts. In this episode, we place the podcast in the context of the Foundation’s Frank Laumer Library for Seminole Wars Studies, the Laumer Library for short. We will discuss the themes prese…
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This episode marks an anniversary for the podcast: Three full years’ worth of the Seminole Wars Authority. We have done as we said we would do when we set out on this long march. We canvassed far and wide for authorities in possession of the knowledge about the Seminole Wars. Some are historians, John Missall and Jesse Marshall and Chris Kimball. S…
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In the middle of August each year at St. Francis Barracks in St. Augustine, two elegant mules pull a caisson symbolically carrying the remains of the soldiers who had died in the Second Seminole War. The procession they lead commemorates the first re-interment of soldiers in Aug. 15, 1842. The commanding officer in charge of military operations in …
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In our previous episode, Jesse Marshall gave listeners an overview of newspaper coverage of the Seminole Wars, reviewing their accuracy given the physical and technical constraints of the era. In this episode, Jesse relates the value of these newspapers’ accounts for informing the American public about what actions and activities their government e…
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A popular conceit for a newspaper is that it is the purported “first draft of a history.” Newspapers informed the public. But they also tended to reflect the public’s opinion. And that opinion for waging the Seminole Wars waned overtime, as did newspaper coverage. How did local and national newspapers present the Seminole Wars in print? Was the war…
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In 1812, during the East Florida Patriot War incursion against Spanish territorial rule, 15-year-old Louisa Fatio barely escaped when Seminole attacked and partially burned her family's beautiful New Switzerland plantation on the St. Johns River. Louisa was the granddaughter of Francis Philip Fatio, co-founder and later sole owner of the 10,000-acr…
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A soldier of the Second Seminole War would have led an austere life at remote Army outposts in Florida. Among the few pleasures in his life might have been playing with a deck or cards or dice and getting square meals. What might have had the greatest impact on his morale, however, was the ability to receive and send mail to loved ones back home. I…
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Listeners to this podcast already know that Fort Pierce is a reservation for the Seminole Tribe of Florida. Previously, guest Rollie Gilliam told us about its origins as a home for Black Seminole. In this episode, living historian Jim O’Dell joins us to describe the military origins of Fort Pierce, his hometown. A U.S. Navy veteran, Jim stepped int…
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The annual Fort Cooper Days battle commemoration returns March 18 and 19 at Fort Cooper State Park in Inverness. This battle featured militia and volunteers fighting off a Seminole attack in the second of those wars. A militia captain, rising from the ranks of private to sergeant and then officer, is Howard “Butch” Nipper Junior. He is a proud thir…
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This podcast has featured numerous living historians describing life of Florida’s forebears in the 19th century, whether they be soldiers of the Seminole Wars era, or Seminole, or sutlers, settlers, or crackers. More than one young person witnessing this spectacle has wondered, how can I do what they are doing? In this episode, Kathleen Ramirez and…
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Last week, John and Mary Lou Missall joined us to discuss the novels they’ve written with the Seminole Wars as its setting. In this week’s episode, they return to discuss The Seminole Struggle, their comprehensive general history of the U.S. Government’s near half-century determination to remove Seminole permanently from Florida in the 1800s. Spoil…
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Over the past quarter century, John and Mary Lou Missall have published a number of books, both histories and novels and some soldier letters about the Seminole Wars. These have been well received. The Seminole Struggle – or as some call it, a reckless waste of blood and treasure -- may be the definitive one-volume history of that long conflict bet…
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The sands of time, nature, and settlement have ravaged the terrain where Soldiers and Seminole battled each other in Florida in the 1800s. In South Florida, of course, this is true -- but with a twist. In some cases, modern buildings have been constructed atop archaeological sites that had not been previously excavated -- and without disturbing the…
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We continue our discussion with “new recruits” to the Seminole War living history hobby. Marcus Acosta is a buddy of Ethan Parks, last week’s guest. The two portray Army privates of the 1830s and have “fought” and “died” together on the reenactment stage – but all for a good cause. That cause is honoring the people who fought -- and some who perish…
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In the 1830s, the US Army actively recruited young people from ages 16 up to 23 or so as privates to fill its ranks. In time, the duty that service entailed led to assignment in Florida. It was a miserable duty, where there was a war raging between the US government and the Seminole Indians. Soldiers barely able to shave became the instrument to fi…
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This week we explore cultural art depicting Gullahs, Seminoles, and Black Seminoles or Seminole Maroons. Our guest is artist Johnny Montgomery, a descendant of Gullahs who were forcibly removed from West Africa and shipped in bondage to America. He is a proud American with no hyphens. But he is also quite proud of the Gullah people he descended fro…
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Here’s a little known fact: A Seminole was responsible for the request that brought the British military into the Gulf Coast region during the War of 1812 and set the stage for the famous Battle of New Orleans. [see video series here: https://twoeggflorida.com/1812 or https://youtu.be/t7_dfEWBNYc] Then Chief Thomas Perryman was the Seminole. You re…
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Digging deeper. If there is one central element that binds this community of Seminole Wars historians, it is the passionate desire to dig deeper to find the truth. We examined this with recent guests. Jim Flaherty, Rick Obermeyer, and Jeff Snively are long-time practitioners of this historical craft as citizen scholars. And so is Chris Kimball. In …
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As we close this year of 2022, lest old acquaintances be forgotten, we look back at those who were part of the Seminole Wars living history community but who are no longer with us or able to be active. This close-knit community of interest comprises academic historians, for sure. It also hosts large numbers of public historians, the people we call …
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The Seminole Maroon diaspora returns to Jupiter, Florida in January for a family reunion January 11 to 15. To bring them together, the Florida Black Historical Research Project, Inc accepted a federal grant – “Telling the Full History”. Attendees hail from within Florida, but also from Oklahoma, Texas, Mexico, The Bahamas, and Trinidad. They will t…
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The US Government spent millions of dollars and incurred thousands of casualties attempting to remove the Seminole from Florida in the first half of the 1800s. Today, the Seminole are still here – and they are thriving; they are integral to a study of Florida’s history. And they are the subject of fascination in popular culture. A 1950s Greyhound b…
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There is fresh blood in the living history community for the Seminole Wars. Two reenactors, Stephen and Paulette Dennis, entered the hobby in November at Florida Heritage Day at Dade Battlefield Historic State Park in Bushnell, Florida. When we say “fresh blood”, we are somewhat facetious. Stephen retired from the U.S. Navy after a quarter century …
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We have devoted several episodes in our podcast the Fort at Prospect Bluff, known best as the “Negro Fort” on the Apalachicola River in Florida’s panhandle. During the War of 1812, the British also built a smaller fort, which historians dub Nicolls’ Outpost. They and their Seminole allies used this as a base to conduct offensive operations into Geo…
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Listeners to our last podcast enjoyed a discussion about 19th Century Seminole Men’s Clothing – and what an enterprise it is to recreate them. Unfortunately, the 1991 spiral-bound book is out of print and hard to obtain. That is, until now. Enter living history enthusiast and researcher James Flaherty. Jim is a friend of the key individuals behind …
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When you see someone portraying a Seminole in a battle reenactment today, you can pretty much rest assured that the attire is authentic if not original. This was not the case 30 and 40 years ago. Many had good intentions but simply got the clothing wrong. Enter Seminole reenactor Rick Obermeyer. He took both an interest and launched a campaign to p…
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SW0133 Soldiers Adapted and Innovated Amidst A Climate of Hostility in Florida In the Second Seminole War, probably every soldier complained about the hostile Florida climate. But, only a few ever did anything about it. In this episode, Professor Jacob Hagstrom of The Citadel joins us to discuss the climate of operations for soldiers in that war. J…
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This week, Andy Warrener returns to discuss the Seminole War-themed Saturday living history event -- Oct. 29 -- at the Florida Pioneer Museum and Village in Dade City, Pasco County, Florida. Besides presenters discussing and sharing anecdotes from all three Seminole Wars, an afternoon battle skirmish is set featuring pioneers, Florida Territorial M…
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SW0131 How Well Regulated Must a Militia Be to Ensure Security of a Free State...or Florida Territory? In our eighth installment in Martial Matters of the Seminole Wars, Jesse Marshall returns one more time. He explains in detail one more aspect of the 2nd Amendment: the purpose of a militia being “well regulated” and what exactly “well regulated” …
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SW0130 Martial Matters 7: Army Uses Duplicity, Settlers to Subdue Seminole When Decisive Battle Fails After the Battles of Okeechobee and Loxahatchee, the Seminole changed their strategy to avoid any confrontations that could potentially cause mass removal to Oklahoma Territory. In response, the U.S. Army adapted as well, and engaged non-kinetic me…
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SW0129 Martial Matters 6: Army Pursuit of Decisive Battle Proves Futile In the Second Seminole War, Army commanders had an expectation that if they could just fix the Seminole in battle, they could settle the conflict right then and there. The Seminole, however, had other ideas and greatly frustrated Army leaders in this endeavor. Considering this,…
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SW0128 Martial Matters 5: Great Scott! Feuding Commanders’ Stubbornness Risked Catastrophe, Annihilation In our fifth installment in Martial Matters of the Seminole Wars, Living Historian Jesse Marshall returns as we cast a critical eye on Feuding Commanders. In its early stages, it was clear the soldiers were fighting the Seminole. But, what was n…
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Militia were not formally uniformed as were U. S. soldiers nor were they necessarily armed by the federal government or state or territory when mustered for service. Many brought their own arms as codified in the 2nd Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Living historians at Pioneer Museum of Florida in Dade City December 2021. Photos by Andrew Foste…
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Militiamen brought whatever arms they had to muster for use against the Seminole. This image is a re-enactment at Fort Cooper State Park in Inverness, Fla. Photo by Andrew Foster In this episode, our Martial Matters guest, Jesse Marshall, gives us the ins and outs on the right to keep and bear in territorial Florida during the Second Seminole War a…
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Welcome to Week Two: Martial Matters of the Seminole Wars with our long-time guest, Jesse Marshall. In the 1830s, the politicians set the policy, often based on the law. The generals set the strategy. Officers set the tactics. And the troops? They focused on the Manual of Arms so they could fight as a coherent force. They practiced and drilled on e…
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This week we begin a series, Martial Matters, to discuss various soldierly aspects of the Seminole Wars. When it came to waging war in the first half of the 19th century, the unresolved question focused on whether the American Republic better defended and its interests advanced by a standing army or by militia called forth from the several states. …
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The 1500+ book collection comprises the cornerstone of research materials at the Frank Laumer Center for the Study of the Seminole Wars. Other items include hundreds of paper files that supported Frank Laumer's accounts of the Dade Battles, microfilm, tens of thousands of print and digital images, thousands of digital records, and assorted comic bo…
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State of the gravesite of Ransom Clark and (left) his father, Benjamin Clark in 1977 before the exhumation. The trope that dead men tell no tales is demonstrably false -- at least, when applied to a document archive. Letters, diaries, and hand-written notes tell many tales. This summer, two graduate students from the University of Central Florida l…
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The Forlorn Hope of the Fort King Road and Do Your Best depict the Dade battle of Dec. 28, 1835. In a previous episode, Florida-born artist Jackson Walker described how he makes his living with careful craftsmanship and a burning desire to paint the best and most historically accurate work of which he is capable. His paintings span the length of Fl…
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The Flower Hunter, naturalist and traveler William Bartram in late 18th century Florida. Since the 1980’s, native-born and self-taught artist Jackson Walker has gathered subjects from the long saga of Florida history. With thorough research, consulting with historians and experts on any given subject, and with painstaking attention to detail, he re…
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Sean Norman, acting director for the Gulf Archaeological Research Institute, returns to the podcast to discuss the history of Chucochatti and what GARI found during their excavations and survey. More than 250 years ago, a displaced group of Muscogee-speaking Upper Creek Indians established a settlement just outside present-day Brooksville, located …
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Warriors from Bondage by Jackson Walker portraying the attack on the Fort at Prospect Bluff, or as the Americans called it, the Negro Fort. In previous episodes, we have examined the history and activities surrounding the Fort at Prospect Bluff and then its destruction and its grim aftermath. In this episode, published on the anniversary of the for…
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In a previous podcast, Historian Dale Cox set the stage for the American attack on the Fort at Prospect Bluff. In this episode, Dale recalls the actual determined American campaign and the fort’s stubborn resistance between July 10 and July 27, 1816. This was not rag-tag defense by desperate self-liberated former slaves. These were well-trained Bri…
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In July 1816, the so-called year without a summer, the U.S. military made war on an Apalachicola River outpost in Spanish Florida. It wasn’t the Spanish who were attacked, however. It wasn’t their fort. It also wasn’t the British who were attacked. The Treaty of Ghent ended the US war with Britain the previous year. So who was in this Fort at Prosp…
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David Fowler published five volumes taking Florida's U.S. history from pre-territorial to territorial to statehood. It is a reporter’s conceit that journalism is the so-called first draft of history. When it comes to the Seminole Wars, it takes some digging into that first draft to determine what information people read at the time of newspaper pub…
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Marines in the Second Seminole War served on land at and around Fort Foster in central Florida as well as in the Everglades where some dubbed them as swamp sailors. Visitors on the Fourth of July, American independence day, call at the Tampa Bay History Center to learn more about our heritage. Built on the site of the old Fort Brooke military reser…
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Regular Army soldiers were seen as professional in all manners of appearance and countenance. In 1835, with the Federal Government tasked the U.S. Army to forcibly remove the Seminole from the Florida Territory, militia from Florida and volunteers from the several states, aided the regular Army in carrying out this controversial task. In this episo…
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Pace Ringo Starr, confirmation of the site of the Okeechobee Battlefield did not come easy. By 1985, local memory was hazy, having been handed down for several generations from 1837. In addition, hand-drawn maps from various sources contemporary to the battle did not necessarily match each other or the actual geographic features they represented, i…
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We’ve known of the Okeechobee Battle and its site since that encounter on Christmas Day 1837, near that great lake’s northern shore in the southern Florida peninsula. But then, we forgot. We forgot the battle and we forgot the site, other than a marker from the Daughters of the American Revolution. Instead, by the 1980s, we knew the vicinity of the…
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This week we look at the replica Fort Foster -- the history of the original fort and the story of how its replica was built. Today, the fort is closed to the public because of serious maintenance concerns with the wooden platform along its inside walls. In this episode, Louie Bears Heart, a re-enactor of Seminole life [and in his day job, Hillsboro…
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