Every Last Word features the expository teaching of Dr. Philip Graham Ryken as he teaches the whole Bible to change your whole life. Each week Dr. Ryken preaces God's Word in a clear, thorough, and authoritative manner that brings people to faith in Christ and helps them to grow in grace. Every Last Word is a ministry of the Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals. The Alliance exists to call the twenty-first century church to a modern reformation that recovers clarity and conviction about the g ...
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“Exegetically Speaking” is a weekly podcast of the friends and faculty of Wheaton College, IL and The Lanier Theological Library. Hosted by Dr. David Capes, it features language experts who discuss the importance of learning the biblical languages—Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek—and show how reading the Bible in the original languages “pays off.” Each podcast lasts between seven and eleven minutes and covers a different topic for those who want to read the Bible for all it is worth. Click on the ...
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The Virgin or the Young Woman, with Emanuel Tov: Isaiah 7:14 and Genesis 24:14, 16
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Isaiah 7:14 is quoted by Matthew (1:23) in application to Mary’s pregnancy: “The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son.” But is Isaiah’s reference to a young woman (עַלְמָה) or a virgin (παρθένος)? The former is the Hebrew of Isaiah, and the latter is the Greek of the Septuagint and Matthew’s citation. Can Genesis 24 shed some light on this…
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I need just a little peace and quiet. That’s something we’ve all said on occasion. It may seem innocent enough, but the truth is, deep down inside, we all long for peace... in our relationships, at our workplace, in our families. Often these areas of our lives have very little peace, even though we may work hard at it. The problem is, real, genuine…
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From Saul to Paul, with Steve Walton: Acts 13:9
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For the first several chapters in the book of Acts, the author, Luke, consistently speaks of one Saul, but at 13:9 Luke begins referring to him as Paul, which is also the name that this apostle uses in all his letters. Where do these two names come from? What does each mean? Why this switch in which name is used? Dr. Steve Walton is Senior Research…
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The times we live in are difficult, some might even say tumultuous. If you look around you can find much to be afraid about...the economy, current world affairs, wars. We can let our fears get to us, or we can stop, and take a minute to look at what the Bible has to teach us about this world, fear, our future, and the courage we can have as we face…
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From Classical Studies to Medical School, with Steven Jones
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Dr. Steven Jones is the co-author of Acquiring Medical Language(McGraw Hill), a widely used textbook in medical schools for instruction in medical terminology and rooted directly in his education in Classical Greek and Latin. He makes a case for translating this terminology so that patients can understand it, but also so that the human and ethical …
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Have you ever left a project unfinished? Our lives are filled with projects that we have never quite managed to complete. We have half-read books on our shelves and piles of junk left abandoned from hobbies we’ve started, but never finished. Thankfully Jesus Christ did not leave the great project of his life unfinished. He got the job done, He acco…
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Semantic Density and the Love of God, with Elizabeth Mburu: 1 John 2:5
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In I John 2:5 the apostle writes, “Whoever keeps his word, truly in this one the love of God is completed.” The Greek phrase translated “the love of God” (ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ) could be understood as God’s love for us or our love for God. Dr. Elizabeth Mburu explains the grammar, the context, and the reasoning behind her conclusion. Dr. Mburu is A…
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Have you ever been at a place in your life where you felt forgotten or forsaken, totally alone? It’s a painful place to be, a place where you feel no one understands or feels your pain. But one person does understand, and has felt your pain and has conquered death for you so that you can have eternal life.To support this ministry financially, visit…
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As For the Rich, with Philip Graham Ryken: 1 Timothy 6:17-19
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In writing to the “rich in this present world,” Paul stirs together a related adjective (πλούσιος), noun (πλοῦτος), adverb (πλουσίως), and infinitive (πλουτεῖν), pastorally building up to his point: understanding the true source of wealth and how to use it richly. Dr. Phil Ryken, who has been a regular on our podcast, is the President of Wheato…
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It’s hard for us to really embrace the idea that Jesus Christ was as much a man as he was God. But along with the miracles he performed as the Son of God, he also experienced humanity as deeply as we do...and one of the best examples we see is when he, while being crucified, was thirsty. Jesus was human after all, and if he was going save us, if he…
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A Lament-Shaped Perseverance, with Grant Flynn: James 5:11
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James 5:11 refers to the “patience of Job” (KJV). If we take a detour through the book of Job and notice how the Greek vocabulary of perseverance (the KJV’s “patience”) is used in James’ letter, we gain insight into human suffering as something properly to lament. Dr. Grant Flynn is Visiting Assistant Professor of New Testament at Wheaton College. …
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As Jesus was growing up, his unique identity as the Son of God and his unique ministry as the Savior of the world must have made for some very interesting family situations. Certainly these family ties were strained during the course of his life, and they were broken altogether at the cross.To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.o…
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‘Calling Out’ in Jonah, with Andrew Abernethy: Jonah 1:2
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The act of “calling out,” either to pagans or to the Lord, forms a thread through the story of Jonah, which was challenging to Jonah, and can remain challenging for modern readers. Dr. Andrew Abernethy is Professor of Old Testament and Director of the M.A. in Biblical Exegesis at Wheaton Graduate School. He co-edited the newly published The Prophet…
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The thief on the cross next to Jesus was a criminal in life, the lowest of the low. But he knew his Savior when he met him that day at the place of the Skull outside Jerusalem. Was he just lucky, to be dying next to Jesus? For just at the last possible moment in his earthly life he received the gift of eternal life.To support this ministry financia…
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A Fellow Soldier, with Seth Ehorn: Philemon 2
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In the greeting of his letter to Philemon (v. 2), Paul calls Archippus a “fellow soldier.” Roman soldiers were often involved in the capturing and returning of runaway slaves, a function that may explain why Paul characterizes Archippus like so in this letter. Dr. Seth Ehorn is guest faculty at Wheaton College currently teaching Greek. His publicat…
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While many millions have been saved already, millions more are still waiting to hear the message of salvation. God has not finished gathering that great multitude that will one day worship at his throne. If they are to hear the message of salvation, it is up to us to proclaim it.To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/…
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Can the Orders Change?, with Gene Green: 1 Peter 2
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Peter, along with other NT writers, uses a term (ὑποτάσσω, hypotasso) which related to the idea of subordination, or being sub-ordered, whether in the society, household, church, or in cosmic terms. While Peter calls Christians to live out the faith under the hierarchies or “orders” of ancient Roman society, may the church be an agent in society wh…
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Glory, the after life, is not a place we know in great detail, however, the book of Revelation offers us an interesting glimpse into Heaven. It describes an enormous number of people from all different ethnic groups and places worshipping the Lord in the splendor of holiness.To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/dona…
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In the beginning when God created…", with Emanuel Tov: Genesis 1:1
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The very first words of the Hebrew Bible, usually translated as “In the beginning God created…” can also be translated, “In the beginning when God created . . . God said . . . .” What is the basis for this rendition? Dr. Emanuel Tov, the J. L. Magnes Professor of Bible Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, recounts his learning of the bibl…
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Suffering in the Christian life is not necessarily to be avoided and neither is it to be accepted with a defeated attitude. The life of the Christian is to be patterned after Jesus Christ’s.To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/donate/790/29By Dr. Philip Graham Ryken
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Moses Didn’t Know He Was Jewish, with Rabbi Steven Bob
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The Hebrew term yehudim in modern Hebrew can be straightforwardly translated as “Jews,” but when it occurs in the Hebrew Bible this is not the best translation. Remarkably, more than half the occurrences in the OT are in one book: Esther. The question can be extended into the NT as well. Rabbi Steven Bob, who has contributed several episodes to thi…
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The Bible calls us saints, which means holy ones, because God has separated us from sin and blessed us for His service. Most Christians would agree that we have a need for personal holiness, however, we have difficulty in agreeing as to how this holiness actually comes about.To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/dona…
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The Lord of the Spirit, with Steve Walton: Acts 2:33
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In Acts 2:33 there is a completely new thing: Whereas in the OT and everywhere in Judaism it is God, Yahweh, who sends the Holy Spirit, in Acts 2 Jesus has ascended to the right hand of God, received the Spirit from his Father, and himself performs the act of pouring out the Spirit. This should provoke reflection on both Jesus and the Spirit. Dr. S…
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Believing the message of salvation is not an end in itself, it is only the beginning. We are not merely saved from sin, but we are also saved for God’s glory. God’s glory is commonly revealed in genuine Christian community.To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/donate/790/29…
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Groping About for God Like a Blind Cyclops, with Steven Jones: Acts 17:27
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In his lecture to philosophers in Acts 17, Paul declares that God has so ordered human history that people “would seek him and perhaps reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from any one of us” (NIV). The verb translated “reach out for” (ψηλαφάω) can be illuminated by the blinded Cyclops in Homer’s Odyssey or by the biblical Isaac tr…
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In our rebellion we put Jesus Christ, the son of God, to death. Now our lives are forfeit. But here we see the wonder of God’s adopting grace, that it turns rebels into princes. Through faith in Jesus Christ we become God’s own sons and daughters.To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/donate/790/29…
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The Idiotai, with Jon Laansma: 1 Corinthians 14:16, 23-24
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The spiritual gift of “tongues” in 1 Cor. 12-14 was evidently by itself unintelligible, requiring that someone render what was being said in plain Greek if the Corinthian church was to benefit from it. When discussing the negative effect the utterance would have if left unintelligible, Paul calls a part of the audience the ἰδιῶται (idiotai). Are th…
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We are all on trial. The religious and the irreligious, believers and atheists, everyone must stand before God’s throne for judgment. The standard for justice is God’s perfect law. And it is by that standard, that everyone deserves to be condemned.To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/donate/790/29…
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The Pronunciation of Greek, with Alexander Loney
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The Greek of the New Testament writers is known as Koiné Greek. What did it sound like? Some recent research has aided our hearing. Dr. Alexander Loney is Associate Professor of Classical Languages and the Coordinator of the Classical Languages program at Wheaton College. His publications include The Ethics of Revenge and the Meanings of the Odysse…
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We’ve heard of biblical literacy, but if we don’t know what to do with the Bible once we’ve read it, we might be suffering from hermeneutical illiteracy. The lack can be especially apparent in approaches to the Old Testament. Dr. John Walton, Old Testament Professor Emeritus at Wheaton Graduate School, is a frequent contributor to this podcast. One…
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It has been the contention of Dr. John Walton that the authority of Scripture is located in the intention of the human authors as represented in what they wrote. In this conversation he explains what he means, in part by contrasting it with some other possible models. John Walton, Old Testament Professor Emeritus at Wheaton Graduate School, is a fr…
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Christ as Image and Reconciler, with Daniel J. Treier: Colossians 1:15-20
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Colossians 1:15-20, which many think was an early Christian hymn, is one of the uniquely rich and intense expressions of the identity and work of Christ. Daniel J. Treier models a wise union of exegetical care and theological sophistication while reading this passage. Prof. Treier is the Gunther H. Knoedler Professor of Theology and Director of the…
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A Maternal Paul, with Amy Peeler: Galatians 1:16
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In Gal. 1:16 Paul uses the arrestive phrasing that God had revealed his Son “in me.” Taken together with other expressions used by Paul in Galatians, it looks as if one of the ways Paul thought of the gospel was through a pregnancy/maternal metaphor. Amy Peeler is the Kenneth T. Wessner Chair of Biblical Studies Professor of New Testament at Wheato…
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No Inn in Which to Have No Room, with Ben Witherington III: Luke 2:7
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Dr. Ben Witherington III argues passionately against burnishing the nativity stories of Luke and Matthew with unfounded speculation and mistranslations. He gives particular attention to the story of Jesus’ birth in Luke 2:7. Prof. Witherington is the Jean R. Amos Professor of New Testament for Doctoral Studies at Asbury Theological Seminary and is …
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The Eaters’ Increase, with Philip Graham Ryken: Ecclesiastes 5:11
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Through a Hebrew word play, the writer of Ecclesiastes highlights the neck and neck race between those who accumulate wealth and those who take it from them. Dr. Phil Ryken, who has been a regular on our podcast, is the President of Wheaton College, 8th in the college’s history. Relevant to this conversation, he has published Why Everything Matters…
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The Cries Have Been Heard, with Grant Flynn: James 5:4
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In James 5:4, James writes according to the NIV, “The cries of the harvesters have reached the ears of the Lord Almighty.” This language echoes Ps. 18:6 (LXX Ps. 17:7) and Isa. 5:9. One verb, borrowed from the Greek version of Ps. 18, is changed from a future to a perfect tense form. There are historic shifts behind that small change. Dr. Grant Fly…
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Study War No More, with Andrew Abernethy: Isaiah 2:2-5
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Our current context of active wars in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and on the African continent makes it fitting to reflect on the prophet Isaiah’s exhortation to live now like people who hope for God’s peace to fill the nations. Dr. Andrew Abernethy is Professor of Old Testament and Director of the M.A. in Biblical Exegesis at Wheaton Graduate…
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A Humble Woman, a Proud Leader, and Luke’s Greek, with Takamitsu Muraoka: Luke 7:36-50
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Luke 7 includes a story of a woman who washed Jesus’ feet with her tears and hair. Luke’s narration of this includes Jesus’ exchange with Simon the Pharisee about what she did, what Simon didn’t do, and what God did. How does knowledge of Greek illuminate this passage? Professor Muraoka, who formerly taught at the Universities of Manchester, Melbou…
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Adam the Man, not the Place, with Danny Carroll Rodas: Hosea 6:7
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A listener to this podcast has asked whether “Adam” in Hosea 6:7 is a name of a place or an allusion to the man of Genesis 1-2. Translations and commentators differ. Dr. Danny Carroll Rodas helps us understand how each view is supported. Prof. Carroll is the Scripture Press Ministries Professor of Biblical Studies and Pedagogy at Wheaton College. A…
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They Crucified Him, with J. Christopher Edwards: Luke 23:33
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In Luke 23:33, Luke writes that “they” crucified Jesus. Who are “they”? Tracking back through the Greek of Luke’s narrative leads us to the Jews, though plainly Jesus was crucified by the Romans on a Roman cross. In light of later church history, this merits reflection. Dr. J. Christopher Edwards is Professor of Religious Studies at St. Francis Col…
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Why Read the Bible in the Original Languages?, with Takamitsu Muraoka
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In this episode, Professor Takamitsu Muraoka, who was born in Hiroshima, Japan, in 1938, narrates his life’s story with an eye on how the biblical languages came to be of such importance to him. Following his conversion and years of academic preparation, he taught at Manchester University and Melbourne University, before becoming Professor of Hebre…
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Theology, Therefore Biblical Languages, with Vincent Bacote
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For Prof. Vincent Bacote, his vocation as a professional theologian led him to value the biblical languages, study them, and make use of that training in his ongoing work with the Scriptures. He recommends the same for younger people entering on the same path. Dr. Vince Bacote is Professor of Theology and Director of Center for Applied Christian Et…
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How the Synoptic Gospels Work, with Darrell Bock
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While the Gospel of John tells us, the readers, straight up what we’re meant to believe about Jesus, the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke) tend to communicate these things indirectly. Dr. Darrell Bock isolates a few good illustrations of this method. Prof. Bock is Executive Director of Cultural Engagement and Senior Research Professor of New T…
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A Tent Restored and Flowing Wine, with Danny Carroll Rodas: Amos 9:11-15
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Amos is a message to the faithful in Israel that there is hope for life within God’s creation beyond the coming war. Her children will not be doomed to misfortune. This is a real hope for real people. Dr. Danny Carroll Rodas is the Scripture Press Ministries Professor of Biblical Studies and Pedagogy at Wheaton College. He has written extensively o…
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Sequenced Inclusion in Election, with Matthew Bates: Eph. 1:11-14
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In Paul’s letter known to us as “Ephesians,” Paul indicates an historical sequence by which his readers came to be included in the foreordained purposes of God. This and other insights arise as Matthew Bates, making a second appearance in our podcast series, takes us through a reading of the Greek text of Ephesians 1. Dr. Bates is Professor of Theo…
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Pastors Are Not (Just) Coaches, with Michael Bird: Eph. 4:12
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Is Ephesians 4:12 about leaders doing the work of ministry or training the “laity” to do the work? Answering that question requires a close look at the Greek wording and even decisions about placement of commas by editors. Dr. Michael Bird is Deputy Principal at Ridley College (Melbourne, Australia). His many publications include (with N. T. Wright…
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Paul’s Greatest Hits, with Nijay Gupta: Eph. 2:4-5
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In our last episode of Season Four (Season Five beginning soon), Prof. Gupta imagines Paul in prison reflecting on one last sermon that captures and expresses without restraint the wonder and truth of God’s grace as he has preached and known it. We begin with the great “But God” of Ephesians 2:4. Dr. Nijay Gupta, Professor of New Testament at North…
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An Exegetically Speaking listener submitted a question about the gender of a Greek relative pronoun in Matthew’s genealogy (Matt 1:1-16), which provides an opportunity to talk about the potentials (and challenges) of this aspect of grammar for translation. The questioner, Russell, listens to this podcast from his home in New Zeeland, where he is an…
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Marriage Relations according to Aristotle and Paul, with Lynn Cohick: Ephesians 5:21-22
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In his teaching about family relations (e.g. Eph. 5:21–6:9), Paul is echoing descriptions of a household that had been formalized by Aristotle, but in so doing Paul turns Aristotle’s teaching on its head. Dr. Lynn Cohick is Distinguished Professor of New Testament and Director of Houston Theological Seminary at Houston Christian University. Among h…
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Brother of Jesus, Servant of the Lord Jesus Christ, with Mark Lanier: James 1:1
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As Mark Lanier explains in this episode, the opening words of the Epistle of James, which are rooted in the OT idea of the “servant of YHWH,” give us a window onto how the resurrection of Jesus transformed James’ relationship with and understanding of his brother, Jesus. Lanier is a practicing attorney, a teacher in his local church in Houston, Tex…
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