Peter Adamson, Professor of Philosophy at the LMU in Munich and at King's College London, takes listeners through the history of philosophy, "without any gaps". www.historyofphilosophy.net
…
continue reading
Is the constitution in crisis? This podcast is for people who are curious about politics and the law and how the biggest political and legal issues of the moment affect you. Pull up a chair and join host Jessica Levinson, a professor at LMU’s Loyola Law School, and a rotating cast of experts. Jessica will be joined by journalists, politicians, political scientists, lawyers, and many others. Listen to Jessica and her guests for a wry, and sometimes irreverent take on the most pressing issues ...
…
continue reading
Biztainment with LMU.... New Age Buisness, Modernized Digital Marketing Solutions, Real Estate Investing, Smart Money
…
continue reading
“Off Press” is a series of conversations with members of the Loyola Marymount University community about their impact on the world through their lives, their work and their Jesuit education.
…
continue reading
This course focuses on an applied analysis of competition. Important concepts from industrial organization, game theory, product life-cycle analysis, and industry evolution are discussed. Additionally, important characteristics of network industries such as network effects and standard setting are considered. The concept of competition used in this course is interpreted broadly and also encompasses the analysis of strategic cooperation between firms.
…
continue reading
Application of UDL in C & I
…
continue reading
Internship projects LMU eLab - Munich Summer Curriculum (MSC): Electronic Media. Students from all over the world and all universities are invited to participate in an exciting and demanding ten-week long Summer Curriculum: "Electronic Media" This program engages students in subject matters ranging from media technology, media management, European media law, media theory and communication sciences to web design. The program finishes with a four-week internship at a German media company.
…
continue reading
I am a Physician Assistant Student at LMU-DCOM here to provide podcasts of lecture information.
…
continue reading
The philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel is a major focus of Robert Brandom's work. Brandom makes Hegel's thought accessible to analytic philosophy by developing a semantic interpretation of the "Phenomenology of Spirit". In his Munich lectures, Brandom is going to present new texts on the "Introduction" of Hegel's Phenomenology for the first time. Conference host: Society "Conceptions of Reason. Justification and Critique" (cooperation of Chair II for Philosophie, LMU Munich, Prof. Axel Hutter, and C ...
…
continue reading
Welcome to "Base Hits & Banter," the ultimate destination for softball enthusiasts! Join hosts Haylie McCleney, Olympic Silver Medalist and 3x World Champion, alongside Sam Fischer, former LMU softball standout and Team USA representative, as they dive into the world of softball like never before. From in-depth interviews with top players and coaches to insightful discussions on the latest news and trends in the sport, this podcast offers a unique blend of entertainment and education for pla ...
…
continue reading
The CAS lecture series „Cutting Edge“ addresses the various challenges that scholarship is facing today. Current political and economic changes, such as globalization, great discoveries like genome sequencing or the hypotheses of string theory are asking for scientific creativity. What can different disciplines offer to answer those challenges? What is the current state of research, what is cutting edge? | Die Vortragsreihe am Center for Advanced Studies fragt nach den aktuellsten Entwicklun ...
…
continue reading
The law sets a framework for market transactions and competition. However, in recent years, the law itself has become a commodity in many regions of the world and in various fields: especially corporate, bankruptcy and contract law, not to mention the settlement of disputes. Individuals and companies search for the most attractive rules of law and states compete for the favour of demanders through their offers. Since legal competition has been the object of preliminary empirical explorations ...
…
continue reading
In the Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences GSN-LMU, groups of researchers working in different areas of neuroscience seek answers to one of the most fundamental questions in modern science: How does the brain work? The GSN-LMU is embedded into the Munich Center for Neurosciences – Brain & Mind, one of the broadest academic environments that Munich has to offer in the field of neurosciences. This neuroscientific context provides a combination of the most varied methodological approaches ...
…
continue reading
Exploring basketball's best ideas, strategies, and coaches from around the world.
…
continue reading
In this series of ten video lectures Peter Adamson, Professor of Philosophy at the LMU in Munich and King’s College London, discusses the contributions of women intellectuals, mystics, and philosophers in ancient Greece, ancient China, the Islamic world, and medieval Europe. From Diotima to Christine de Pizan, we learn about the ideas of female thinkers and also about the challenges they faced in putting forward these ideas.
…
continue reading
Online Gods is a monthly podcast on digital cultures and their political ramifications, featuring lively conversations with scholars and activists. Presented by anthropologist Ian M. Cook, the podcast is a key initiative of the five year ERC project ONLINERPOL www.fordigitaldignity.com led by media anthropologist Sahana Udupa at LMU Munich, and cohosted by HAU Network for Ethnographic Theory. Online Gods represents our collective commitment to multimedia diffusion of research in accessible a ...
…
continue reading
Most students know more about media technologies than their teachers, but lack the ability to use them effectively, says educationalist Professor Frank Fischer. This underlines the need for training in media literacy. In ongoing studies at the Institute of Education and Educational Psychology at LMU Munich, he and his team are seeking the best ways to provide it.
…
continue reading
Every year the Arnold Sommerfeld Center (ASC) for Theoretical Physics at the LMU in Munich organizes a school for PhD students. It covers topics which are of current interest in theoretical physics and range from more applied fields like condensed matter physics to rather mathematical fields like string theory. Announcements of upcoming schools can be found on the ASC schools webpage and a list of past schools can be found in the archive of the ASC schools.
…
continue reading
We, Hans Polzer, MD and Sebastian F. Baumbach, MD, are two academic orthopedic ankle surgeons currently working at the Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery at the University Hospital, LMU Munich.Compared to other joints the specialization in the field of foot and ankle surgery was delayed. Nevertheless, during the last 2 or 3 decades, more and more research regarding the ankle is advancing. On one hand today, we observe an exponential growth in studies and knowledge, whil ...
…
continue reading
1
Photoswitches: A New Addition to the Molecular Toolkit – HD
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
…
continue reading
1
Creativity and Serendipity Light the Way to the Optimal LED – HD
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
The 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics went to the inventors of the blue LED, which provides the basis for today's energy-efficient and environmentally benign light sources. According to the citation, the blue LED "allows white light to be created in a new way". But without the discoveries subsequently made by Professor Wolfgang Schnick's group in the Chemistry Department at LMU Munich, consumers would not have taken to the new "white" light. For Schnick and his colleagues "reinvented" warm white l ...
…
continue reading
1
Creativity and Serendipity Light the Way to the Optimal LED – SD
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
The 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics went to the inventors of the blue LED, which provides the basis for today's energy-efficient and environmentally benign light sources. According to the citation, the blue LED "allows white light to be created in a new way". But without the discoveries subsequently made by Professor Wolfgang Schnick's group in the Chemistry Department at LMU Munich, consumers would not have taken to the new "white" light. For Schnick and his colleagues "reinvented" warm white l ...
…
continue reading
Mathematical Philosophy - the application of logical and mathematical methods in philosophy - is about to experience a tremendous boom in various areas of philosophy. At the new Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy, which is funded mostly by the German Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, philosophical research will be carried out mathematically, that is, by means of methods that are very close to those used by the scientists. The purpose of doing philosophy in this way is not to reduce p ...
…
continue reading
The Perimeter with Adam Morrison is a weekly podcast covering the 2023/2024 Gonzaga Men’s Basketball Season.
…
continue reading
Welcome to the Lab! Talkin' Force presented by Hawkin Dynamics is more that a podcast about force. It's a podcast about innovation in training, technology, health, & lifestyle from the World's most influential coaches, researchers, & entrepreneurs. www.HawkinDynamics.com
…
continue reading
1
HoP 448 - Secondary Schools - Iberian Scholasticism
20:01
20:01
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
20:01
The “School of Salamanca,” founded by Francisco Vitoria, and the commentators of Coimbra are at the center of a movement sometimes called the “Second Scholastic.”By Peter Adamson
…
continue reading
1
Josh Pastner on Playing Unique Zones, Late-Game Timeouts, and Marrying Princeton/Dribble Drive Concepts
1:07:06
1:07:06
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:07:06
We'd love to hear from you! Send us a text! Slappin' Glass is joined this week by former Memphis and Georgia Tech Head Coach, along with current college basketball analyst, Josh Pastner. The trio dive into the concepts of playing multiple defenses, unique zones, and discuss late-game timeout usage and marrying Princeton and Dribble Drive Motion con…
…
continue reading
1
2024 Election Dynamics: Hunter Biden, Trump Cases, and Potential Running Mates with Aaron Blake
31:32
31:32
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
31:32
In this episode of Passing Judgment, we delve into the multifaceted challenges of election coverage and the pervasive issue of media polarization. Jessica Levinson hosts senior political reporter Aaron Blake from The Washington Post, as they navigate the treacherous waters of misinformation and its threat to democracy. Highlighting recent headlines…
…
continue reading
1
Robyn Fralick on Decision Making as a Coach, Conversions of the Game, and the Pace/Toughness Relationship {Michigan State}
48:13
48:13
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
48:13
We'd love to hear from you! Send us a text! Slappin' Glass sits down this week with the Head Coach of Michigan State WBB, Robyn Fralick! In this terrific discussion Coach Fralick discusses their unique style of play, the toughness needed to play with pace, operating through the post, and dives into making decisions as a Head Coach, and defensive tr…
…
continue reading
1
Baby Reindeer Controversy: Exploring Defamation and Right of Publicity Cases
11:23
11:23
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
11:23
In this episode of Passing Judgment, we delve into the controversy surrounding the Netflix series "Baby Reindeer" and the legal battle it has sparked. Host Jessica Levinson breaks down the lawsuit brought by Fiona Harvey, who claims to be the real-life inspiration for a character portrayed as a stalker and abuser in the series. Harvey's suit includ…
…
continue reading
1
HoP 447 - Andrés Messmer on Spanish Protestantism
29:04
29:04
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
29:04
Yes, there were Spanish Protestants! Andrew (Andrés) Messmer joins us to explain how they drew on humanism and philosophy to argue for their religious agenda.By Peter Adamson
…
continue reading
1
TJ Saint on "Hot Stove" Screens, "Mastery" Practice Days, and Thinking About Defensive Rebounding {Birmingham Squadron}
1:01:53
1:01:53
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:01:53
We'd love to hear from you! Send us a text! Slappin' Glass sits down this week with the Head Coach of the G-League's Birmingham Squadron, TJ Saint! The trio dive into a variety of topics including building a connected offense, "hot stove" screens, "mastery days" in practice, and discuss guarding "Delay Action" and defensive rebounding riddles durin…
…
continue reading
1
Breaking News: Trump Found Guilty of Falsifying Business Records
11:06
11:06
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
11:06
In this episode of Passing Judgment, we delve into the historic conviction of former President Donald Trump on 34 counts of falsifying business records. We also discuss the possible ramifications, including whether Trump can vote or run for president as a convicted felon, potential sentencing outcomes, and the likelihood of appeals. Here are three …
…
continue reading
1
John Beilein on the History of the Two Guard Offense, the Value of Scout Teams, and Beating the 1-3-1 Zone
48:54
48:54
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
48:54
We'd love to hear from you! Send us a text! Slappin' Glass sits down this week with the great, John Beilein! Coach Beilein has been a Head Coach at every level from the NBA to HS, and shares with us his thoughts on the history, teaching points, and evolution of the 2-Guard Offense, the value of pivoting, and we discuss opponent scouts and beating a…
…
continue reading
1
Inside Election Disputes: Edward Foley Examines the Threats to Democratic Processes
39:02
39:02
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
39:02
In this episode of Passing Judgment, Jessica Levinson sits down with guest Edward Foley to delve into the intricate world of disputed elections, legal challenges, and the evolving landscape of American democracy. Foley shares his insights on the confluence of historical election disputes with current events, the critical role of clear election rule…
…
continue reading
1
E17- Sam and Halo interview softball legend Cat Osterman
42:06
42:06
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
42:06
Cat Osterman, a retired American softball legend, graced the Base Hits and Banter podcast with her presence, engaging in riveting dialogue with hosts Sam Fischer and Haylie McCleney. With a career that resonates as a testament to her unparalleled prowess, Osterman's legacy extends far beyond the diamond. Hailing from Houston, Texas, Osterman's jour…
…
continue reading
1
HoP 446 - Not Doubting Thomas - the Aquinas Revival
25:20
25:20
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
25:20
Cajetan, Bañez and other thinkers make Aquinas a central figure of Counter-Reformation thought; we focus on their theories about analogy and the soul.By Peter Adamson
…
continue reading
1
Joan Plaza on Practice Methodology, Player Minute Distribution, and Defending the Pick & Pop {Euroleague/ACB Head Coach}
1:08:58
1:08:58
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:08:58
We'd love to hear from you! Send us a text! Slappin' Glass is joined this week by former Euroleague HC and ACB Coach of the Year, Joan Plaza! The trio dive into a variety of topics including Coach Plaza's thoughts on Practice Methodology, playing 5 v. 5, player development, and discuss minute distribution and defending the pick and pop during the a…
…
continue reading
1
E16- Sam and Halo interview USA Softball Athlete Aspen Boulware
26:48
26:48
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
26:48
On today's episode of the Base Hits and Banter podcast, we are thrilled to host Aspen Boulware, a standout 16-year-old athlete who plays on the USA Softball National Team. Aspen's impressive achievements include being named the MVP of the 2023 U-15 WBSC World Cup, where she hit .421 with 4 home runs, 7 RBIs, and 10 runs scored, leading her team to …
…
continue reading
1
E15- Sam and Halo Talking College Softball, Mental Health, and USA Softball News
41:04
41:04
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
41:04
Welcome to the official channel for "Base Hits & Banter," the ultimate destination for softball enthusiasts! Join hosts Haylie McCleney, Olympic Silver Medalist and 3x World Champion, alongside Sam Fischer, former LMU softball standout and Team USA representative, as they dive into the world of softball like never before. From in-depth interviews w…
…
continue reading
1
Unraveling the Trump Hush Money Trial with Shayna Jacobs
23:48
23:48
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
23:48
In this episode of Passing Judgment, Jessica Levinson sits down with Shayna Jacobs, a federal courts and law enforcement reporter for The Washington Post, to delve into the ongoing Trump hush money trial. With the trial moving at an unexpectedly rapid pace, Jessica and Shayna discuss why this case is progressing faster than anticipated and explore …
…
continue reading
1
John Mayer on Differential Learning, Creating "Anti-Fragile" Players, and Leaning into Mindfulness {LMU Beach Volleyball}
1:08:54
1:08:54
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:08:54
We'd love to hear from you! Send us a text! Slappin' Glass sits down this week with the Head Coach of LMU Beach Volleyball, John Mayer! Coach Mayer has become one of the best coaches in the sport, and risen the level of LMU Volleyball to compete at the highest of levels. In this conversation the trio dive into differential learning, "lab work", and…
…
continue reading
1
E14- Sam and Tara Henry break down College Softball and predict potential WCWS winner!
49:52
49:52
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
49:52
Join Sam Fischer and Tara Henry, General Manager of Softball America, former UCLA Bruin softball player, and college softball expert, as they dive into today's show. Sam and Tara dissect the past week's college softball schedule and game results, providing insightful analysis on standout teams across the country. From thrilling matchups to standout…
…
continue reading
1
The MAGA Ideology: A Deep Dive into America's Conservative Movement with Isaac Arnsdorf
22:14
22:14
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
22:14
In this episode of Passing Judgment, we delve into the intricacies of the MAGA movement with Isaac Arnsdorf, a national political reporter for The Washington Post. Isaac shares insights from his new book, "Finish What We Started: The MAGA Movement's Ground War to End Democracy," examining the evolution of MAGA from its roots in earlier American pol…
…
continue reading
Ignatius of Loyola’s movement begins modestly, but winds up having a global impact on education and philosophy.By Peter Adamson
…
continue reading
1
Scott Moore on Post Game Efficiency, Building Selfless Teams, and Greatness in Simplicity {Grace College}
1:13:36
1:13:36
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:13:36
We'd love to hear from you! Send us a text! Slappin' Glass is joined this week by the NAIA Coach of the Year after leading Grace College to a Final Four, Scott Moore. The trio explore Coach Moore's unique thoughts on post play, including efficiency, focus points, and much more, along with building selfless teams and being great on transition defens…
…
continue reading
1
E13- Sam & Montana Fouts introduce the new Devon Park Stadium and talk softball!
30:46
30:46
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
30:46
Welcome to the latest episode of Base Hits and Banter! Join hosts Sam Fischer and special guest Montana Fouts as they dive into all things softball, starting with the exciting unveiling of Devon Park, the newly named iconic softball stadium. Sam and Montana provide an exclusive recap of the ribbon-cutting ceremony held on May 6, highlighting the si…
…
continue reading
1
Ceci Craft on Coaching Under Pressure, "Healthy vs. Junk" Confidence, and Aligning Priorities {Philadelphia Phillies - Director of Mental Performance}
1:06:35
1:06:35
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:06:35
We'd love to hear from you! Send us a text! Slappin' Glass sits down this week with the Director of Mental Performance for the Philadelphia Phillies, Ceci Craft! In this highly insightful conversation the trio dive into the areas of performance under stress and pressure, "balance vs. priorities" in coaching, and discuss promoting confidence in play…
…
continue reading
1
Understanding First Amendment Rights During Campus Protests
10:27
10:27
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
10:27
In this episode of Passing Judgment, Jessica Levinson dives deep into the legal intricacies surrounding protests on college campuses, specifically addressing First Amendment protections and relevant federal laws. By discussing these themes, Jessica Levinson aims to provide a legal framework for understanding the complexities of First Amendment prot…
…
continue reading
1
E12- Sam and Halo talk top 25 college players, teams, mental health and more!
48:05
48:05
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
48:05
This week on the podcast, hosts Sam Fischer and Haylie McCleney delve into the latest developments in college softball, dissecting the top 25 rankings and providing insightful commentary on standout players and teams. Alongside the excitement of the rankings, they candidly address mental health in sports, offering valuable perspectives on maintaini…
…
continue reading
1
Examining Voter Access and Election Integrity with Rick Hasen
34:43
34:43
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
34:43
In this episode of Passing Judgment, we delve deep into the complex world of voting rights and election integrity with renowned UCLA professor Rick Hasen. The discussion navigates through the intricacies of Hasen's recent books, "A Real Right to Vote," where he advocates for a constitutional amendment to solidify voting protections, and "Cheap Spee…
…
continue reading
1
HoP 444 - The Dark Night Rises - Spanish Mysticism
23:13
23:13
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
23:13
Teresa of Ávila and John of the Cross push the boundaries of individual spirituality and offer philosophically informed accounts of mystical experience.By Peter Adamson
…
continue reading
1
Brian Katz on Winning Players, Competitive Open Gyms, and the Road More Traveled
1:09:20
1:09:20
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:09:20
We'd love to hear from you! Send us a text! Slappin' Glass sits down this week with California JUCO Hall of Fame Head Coach, and former Mid-Major Coach of the Year, Brian Katz! Coach Katz recently released a book on lessons learned in his 45 year journey, and the trio dive into a number of the topics including winning players, true leadership, comp…
…
continue reading
1
Softball Spotlight: Conversations with Craig Cress
1:19:08
1:19:08
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:19:08
Craig Cress, a distinguished guest on the podcast, brings a wealth of experience and expertise to the discussion as the Chief Executive Officer of USA Softball. With a background deeply rooted in the sport, Craig has dedicated himself to advancing the game of softball across the nation. His leadership at USA Softball has been instrumental in drivin…
…
continue reading
1
Practical Thoughts on Ecological Design, Representative Environments, and the CLA w/ guest Drew Dunlop
37:10
37:10
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
37:10
We'd love to hear from you! Send us a text! In this special episode Slappin' Glass is joined by Coach Drew Dunlop to look back on the learnings and practical takeaways from the month of January's podcasts, which covered the areas of Learning Environments, Ecological Design, Feedback, Training vs. Trusting Mindsets, and much more. The trio discuss t…
…
continue reading
1
Top 25 College Softball Talk & Coach Heather Tarr talks about "Championing Softball Excellence"
1:05:37
1:05:37
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:05:37
Heather Tarr, the esteemed head coach of the University of Washington Softball program for over two decades and the winningest head coach in Washington state history, joins us on the Base Hits & Banter Podcast. With an illustrious career that spans both playing and coaching in the Women's College World Series, including a national championship win …
…
continue reading
1
Dissecting the New York Hush Money Trial Against Former President Trump with Ella Lee
23:51
23:51
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
23:51
In this episode of Passing Judgment, we delve into the intricacies of the New York hush money payment case involving a former president – a state criminal trial of immense historical significance as it's the first to proceed against an ex-commander-in-chief. Host Jessica Levinson, alongside court and justice reporter Ella Lee, unpacks the legal com…
…
continue reading
1
HoP 443 - Marketplace of Letters - Iberian Humanism
21:47
21:47
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
21:47
Fray Luis de Leon, Antonio Nebrija, Beatriz Galindo and other scholars bring the Renaissance to Spain.By Peter Adamson
…
continue reading
1
Mody Maor on Layering Offensive Actions, Evaluating Competitiveness, and Weekly Practice Planning {NZ Breakers}
1:09:47
1:09:47
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:09:47
We'd love to hear from you! Send us a text! Slappin' Glass sits down this week with the Head Coach of the New Zealand Breakers, Mody Maor. In this highly insightful conversation the trio dive into topics of layering offensive actions, drag screen reads, and discuss weekly practice planning and evaluating competitiveness during the always fun "Start…
…
continue reading
1
FINAL WEEK / NCAA Tournament Recap & What's To Come In 2024-2025
1:08:29
1:08:29
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:08:29
The FINAL WEEK of The Perimeter with Adam Morrison, presented by McGillivray Environmental, is now live! On the final week of Season 3 of The Perimeter, Adam recaps the Gonzaga Men's Sweet Sixteen loss to the Purdue Boilermakers & looks into his crystal ball for what is to come for the Bulldogs in the 2024-2025 season. Presented by McGillivray Envi…
…
continue reading
1
S1 E9- NiJaree Canady- From high school glory to college stardom
1:03:55
1:03:55
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
1:03:55
Join us for an electrifying episode of Base Hits & Banter Podcast featuring NiJaree Canady, the standout pitcher for the Stanford Cardinal softball team. Hailing from Topeka, Kansas, Canady has already left an indelible mark on collegiate softball, earning prestigious accolades such as the NFCA National Freshman of the Year award. In this episode, …
…
continue reading
1
January 6th Insight: Sarah Wire on Covering Insurrection and National Security
31:56
31:56
Play later
Play later
Lists
Like
Liked
31:56
In this riveting episode of Passing Judgment, host Jessica Levinson delves into the intricate legal battles surrounding former President Trump and the classified documents dispute. Our esteemed guest, Sarah Wire of the Los Angeles Times, unveils the complexities of Trump's assertion of ownership over crucial documents, a stance that's been thwarted…
…
continue reading
Cheryl Grills, professor in the LMU Bellarmine College of Liberal Arts, was appointed to the California state task force tasked with proposing reparations to the state’s Black descendants of enslaved people. She talks about the long-term harms of slavery and possible steps to repair the wrongs.By LMU Magazine
…
continue reading