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History and Public Policy Program

Cold War International History Project

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Podcasts and event audio from the Woodrow Wilson Center's History and Public Policy Program, which includes the Cold War International History Project, the North Korea International Documentation Project, and the Nuclear Proliferation International History Project and is home to the Digital Archive at www.digitalarchive.org International History Declassified, with Pieter Biersteker and Kian Byrne of the History and Policy Program focuses on interviews with historians to gain insight into the ...
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The podcast interviews experts and authors in the field of intelligence studies, (Cold War) history, and international politics. From US spymasters to James Bond, we explore the secret world of intelligence and covert action, trying to make it accessible and to bring it to light. Started as British Academy Rising Star Engagement Award 2017 Project, now just for the fun.
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The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) enjoys vast deposits of precious minerals and metals. Diamonds are found in the south and center of the country and the land holds 80% of the world’s Coltan, needed in all our mobile phones. It should be one of the richest countries on Earth, but it is not. This Podcast explores why, from the very beginning. A new podcast will be released each Monday every two weeks, the website is https://www.thehistoryofthecongo.com Starting in prehistoric times, ...
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In this episode we welcome investigative journalist Michela Wrong. Micheal is a leading expert on Africa, particularly the great lakes region. She has written 5 books: a novel set in the horn of Africa and 4 non-fiction books.Her non-fiction and investigative work has focused on the history and politics of Congo, Eritrea, Kenya, and, more recently …
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In this episode we see the final throes of the Independent Katanga and Kasai regions. But Katanga in particular does not go down without a very real fight. It holds the line against the United Nations no less, which increasingly adopts a more aggresive position to enforce a united Repulic of the Congo. But after years of conflict and unrest people'…
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In this episode we see the continuation of the independent Republic of the Congo. The UN, the USSR, the US, Belgium and other continue their operations to push the new country in the direction most aligned to their own ambitions. Amidst this the Congolese populations and regions estalblish themselves as rival power bases in the country. These confl…
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In this episode we look at the new Republic of the Congo 10 days after independence. We see the Congolese reaction to the years of repression under colonial rule and Belgium's military response. Faced with these troubles President Kasavuba and Prime Minister Lumumba turn to the UN, the US and the USSR for urgent help - unwittingly inviting the Cold…
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Indpendence Day has arrived! WIth the Congolese now free from colonial rule there are celebrations everywhere. With KasaVubu as President and Lumumba as Prime Minister the new government gets to work and for the first time the peoples elected officials start to run the country. But as the celebrations recede not everyone feels included. The campaig…
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In part 2 of Independence Immediate we see the Congolese parties final campaigns in the elections which would decide who would be in power once the Belgians had left. There was a mix of great expectations, excitement, local and national interests. It was unknown who would win the elections at the time, but here we detail the run up and the final re…
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In this Episode we turn to The Congo in the late 1950s. The world is changing and on the African continent independence is coming to many countries as the age of colonialism comes to an end. In this context old identities are rediscovered as pre-colonial empires come to the fore once again. People coalesce around parties in anticipation of local el…
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The 1950s afforded the majority of the Congolese modest increases in living standards. Wealth and opportunities were increasing, and the colonial attitude was starting to shift. But social progress was slow. When news came from Belgium that not everyone considered colonialism permanent, Congolese society prepared to fill the power vacuum that would…
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In this episode we how the rulers if the Belgian Congo adapted to the German conquest of Belgian in World War II. Set against conflicting loyalties of the Belgian King, Parliament and Industry the Belgian Congo emerged as powerful part of the Allied cause. The Congolese achieved the first allied victory in the War, and its resources were fundamenta…
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After World War 1 the Belgian Congo's place in the world was settled internationally. The authorities, with private backers, invested in the wealth opportunities presented by copper, diamond and other minerals to increase revenues. Infrastructure projects were completed to connect these mining areas to the Atlantic, and some Congolese were able to …
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In 1914 the Nations of Europe went to war. The African colonies of these powers had differing views on the conflict, but the Belgian Congo was drawn into war in the face of German colonial aggression. The peoples of the Congo were once again asked or coerced to support their new leaders. Combined they created a mighty powerhouse of military might a…
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International pressure forced the Belgian government to succeed King Leopold II, and The Belgian Congo was born. The Belgian people were not unanimously behind colonialism, although the colony was supported by the socialist government on the grounds of developmental support. But the companies who were developing were also exploiting, although now u…
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In this episode we see how one individual, Edmund Morel, pieces together the true facts of Leopold's Congo State to determine it's true nature. Enraged by the injustice, and willing take on the King himself, we see the development of a humanitarian campaign which was spread Britain and the United States. With support from politicians, churches, cel…
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Here we find the people of the Congo living for the first time under one ruler in todays DRC borders. This man was King Leopold II of Belgium, and he called his territory The Congo Free State. The land people and people were ruthlessly exploited for ivory and rubber with scant regards to their own interests. Under this regime brutality and control …
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In this episode we welcome Dr Dafith Townley. Dr Towley is a lecturer in the Department of history at the University of Reading. He is an expert in intelligence and cyber security. In the episode, we discuss his latest book:The Year of Intelligence in the United States: public opinion, national security, and the 1975 Church Committee (https://www.p…
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In this Episode we find Msiri's migration and capture of the Katangan region. Here he grew rich on power and wealth through the Copper mines and smelting plants that could be found here. But his power was under threat. Ambitious powers looked on jealously. Msiri was clever and cunning but ultimately he didn't have the firepower to stand against the…
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Two years after the fall of the Kisangani station to the Arabs Tippu Tips son Sef held control over much of the Eastern part of todays DRC. He lived comfortably but was sandwiched between the Leopolds Congo Free State and Germany's East Africa colony. Ostensibly to quash the slave trade, but to expand his territory and wealth, Leopold retained his …
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In this Episode we see Leopolds Congo Free state buffered against the Arab powers in the East. Cultural difference fostered tensions and their allies were dragged into conflict. We see Leopold use the defeat of the British in Khartoum as an opportunity to extend the boundaries of his land North East to the River Nile, with Tippu Tip now an employee…
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In this Episode we see the various facades of King Leopold II's philanthropy as he jostles to claim the central African lands he has just become aware of. He maintains a three prong strategy: escalating aggressiveness in the Congo, appeasement of the European powers and an image of benevolence to the United States. Tensions lead to the 1885 Berlin …
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In this episode we revisit the past before looking at the lands of the Kingdom of the Kongo at the end of the 19th Century. Outside of the Congo Stanley's journey, and details of the River Congo basin, spread through the world. Some saw this as an opportunity to do good, as they saw it, but others saw a commercial opportunities... The chiefs of the…
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In the early 1870's the peoples of the Eastern Congo lived in a land dominated by the Arab-Swahili traders. In search of Ivory these traders had traveled hundreds of miles inland from the Indian Ocean. These traders settled in and established settlements where they loved in great comfort. This was in great contrast to the subdued peoples who had in…
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Stanleys life before arriving in the Congo in 1873 gives us insights in the wider world at this time. It gives us a window to the plight of the poor in the 19th century Britain, through the American Civil war and the expansion of the American West and the impact of some of the peoples living there. We also visit Abyssinia and West Africa, where the…
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In the early 1870's the peoples of the Eastern Congo lived in a land dominated by the Arab-Swahili traders. In search of Ivory these traders had traveled hundreds of miles inland from the Indian Ocean. These traders settled in and established settlements where they loved in great comfort. This was in great contrast to the subdued peoples who had in…
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In this episode, we welcome Dr Martin D. Brown. Dr Brown is Associate Professor of International History at Richmond University in London. He previously worked as the Lead Researcher, Centre of Excellence in Intercultural Studies, School of Humanities, Tallinn University, Estonia. As you will soon learn, this episode is all about James Bond. While …
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In this Episode we see Tippu Tip and the Arab traders, after exhausting the Elephant herds in today's Tanzania, journey West across Lake Tanganyika into the Eastern Congo. Ever in need of more ivory they were drawn all the way to the Lualaba River. They met the the Tabwe, the Lunda, the Warua, the Bemba and perhaps documented the first ever written…
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In this episode we cover the mid 16th to early 19th century to relay the first meetings between the Arab-Swahili traders and the peoples living in today's Eastern Congo. These traders travelled thousands of kilometres inland from the coast, and the languages and cultures began to fuse. Some trade was conducted but without established norms of relat…
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In this episode, we welcome Dr Sarah-Jane Corke. Sarah-Jane is Associate Professor of History at the University of New Brunswick. The episode builds on her 2008 book published by Routledge, US Covert Operations and Cold War Strategy. Sarah-Jane is also the President of the North American Society for Intelligence History. Enjoy the episode and check…
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In this episode we depart from the West and the Kingdom of the Kongo to todays Eastern provinces of the DRC. We see the unique topography here and enjoy a more detailed introduction to two further great African peoples and empires - the Luba and the Lunda. These peoples lived and live in a geologically dynamic land with mountains, lakes and active …
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In this episode we welcome Dov Levin. Dov is Assistant professor of International Relations at the University of Hong Kong. He has written an excellent book on electoral interference call Meddling in the Ballot Box: the causes and effects of partisan electoral interventions, published by Oxford University Press. In the episode, we talk about the ca…
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In this episode we see how the Kingdom of the Kongo survived in the ebbs of flows of international and domestic conflicts, as well as some of the horrific effects of slavery. We see the Kingdom flex its power on the international stage but ultimately wither as a defeat allows an opportunity for others to take its power and resources. But in this ad…
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In this episode the Kingdom of the Kongo welcomes the Portuguese Empire, and the nobility embraces a new Religion. But it also meets the Dutch, the Vatican and continues to fight for it's place in Africa, whilst keeping the Kingdom together. Soon the Europeans settle, with an agenda much evolved from spreading Christianity....This results in allian…
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In this Episode we focus on the Western Congo in the 13th Century where we meet one of the most famous precolonial Kingdoms - the Kingdom of the Kongo. We see how the Kingdom formed and take a look at the capital - MBanza Kongo - as well as a look at some of the social structures in place. We wrap up just as new visitors arrive at the Kingdom ...…
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In this episode we look at the Democratic Republic of the Congo today, and then go back in time. We start with prehistoric artefacts and the great Bantu migration, which pushed the Pygmies to the South and East of todays country. We are introduced to the topography of the Country, The River Congo, the central navigable plateau, and the Mountains of…
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Co-hosts Pieter Biersteker and Kian Byrne sit down with Professor Sergey Radchenko to gain some insight into the Soviet view of the Korean War. Professor Radchenko outlines some interesting archives to explore and discusses the future of the field of international history.By Cold War International History Project
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Esteemed historian Samuel Wells joins co-hosts Pieter Biersteker and Kian Byrne to discuss the broader context of the Korean War and how US President Harry Truman made the decision to involve the US in the conflict. According to Dr. Wells, much of our understanding of the Korean War today is due to the opening of the former Soviet archives in the e…
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In the first episode of International History Declassified, co-hosts Pieter Biersteker and Kian Byrne speak with Dr. Charles Kraus of the History and Public Policy Program about the origins of the Korean War and the Chinese perspective. Dr. Kraus explains the role of Mao Zedong in the decision to invade South Korea, and how Chinese see the war toda…
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In our third episode, we have a chat with Michael Poznansky, Assistant Professor of International Affairs and Intelligence Studies at the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs of the University of Pittsburgh. Michael's research looks at democracies and covert action, with a specific focus on US foreign policy. In the episode with disc…
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This is the second episode of our British Academy 'Out of the Shadows' project. This episode feature Dr Rory Cormac, Associate Professor of International Relations at the University of Nottingham. The episode discusses British intelligence and Rory's book The Black Door a history of the relation between British Prime Ministers and Intelligence.…
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In our final episode, the Sport in the Cold War podcast digs into Cold War broadcasting. A. Ross Johnson, former director of Radio Free Europe, discusses sport journalism under the iron curtain and the broadcasting efforts of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Episode notes: http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/resource/sport-in-the-cold-war/episod…
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Welcome to the first episode of our Out of the Shadows project podcast. Out of the Shadows is a project funded by the British Academy. The project aims at establishing a network of early career researchers with an interest in intelligence, espionage and covert action in US and UK history. More importantly, the project aims at bringing this research…
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The call for an international boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics created divisions in Britain between Margaret Thatcher's government, which supported the US boycott, and British athletes, who resented being asked to sacrifice their Olympics. Episode notes: http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/resource/sport-in-the-cold-war/episode-39-britain-and…
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At the 1976 Montreal Summer Olympics, fourteen-year-old Romanian Nadia Com?neci became the first gymnast ever to be awarded a "Perfect 10." Nadia went on to earn five additional perfect 10s during the Montreal Olympics and three gold medals, catapulting her to international stardom and into the midst of Romania's international Cold War tensions. Ep…
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Emil Zátopek was one of the greatest long-distance runners of all time and a hero in his homeland of Czechoslovakia. Zátopek also participated in politics and was a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, although he was expelled after he participated in protests during the Prague Spring in 1968. Oldrich Tuma discusses the complications an…
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In the 1980s, the People's Republic of China returned to the Olympics after more than a twenty year absence. Susan Brownell explains how international politics affected China's participation in global sport, as well as her personal experiences as an athlete in China. Episode notes: http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/resource/sport-in-the-cold-w…
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The occupation and division of Germany following WWII created huge disruptions in the country's sport culture. Athletes were considered "diplomats in a tracksuit" and their victories and defeats highly politicized. Dr. Jutta Braun speaks about the lengths the East German regime went to in order to win and to maintain control over its athletes. Epis…
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Sport is often referred to as "war minus the shooting," but in one case in 1969 it helped ignite an actual armed conflict. A contentious World Cup qualifier between Honduras and El Salvador combined with political tensions to spark the so-called "Football War." Nate Jones (author of Able Archer 83) tells the story of the Football War and his work o…
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