February 2023 The papers behind the pod: Hobbiesiefken U et al. (2023). Rating enrichment items by female group-housed laboratory mice in multiple binary choice tests using an RFID-based tracking system. PloS one 18(1): e0278709. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278709 Petkov C et al. (2022). Unified ethical principles and an animal research ‘Helsinki’ d…

January 2023 The papers behind the pod: Cassotta M et al. (2022). A worldwide survey on the use of animal-derived materials and reagents in scientific experimentation. Engineering in Life Sciences 22(9):561-604. doi: 10.1002/elsc.202100167 Nuber M et al. (2022). Development of a 3D simulator for training the mouse in utero electroporation. PLOS One…

December 2022 The papers behind the pod: Menéndez ABC et al. (2022). Creating a kidney organoid-vasculature interaction model using a novel organ-on-chip system. Scientific Reports 12:20699. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24945-5 Karp N et al. (2022). A qualitative study of the barriers to using blinding in in vivo experiments and suggestions for improvem…

November 2022 The papers behind the pod: Aulehner K et al. (2022). Grimace scale, burrowing, and nest building for the assessment of post-surgical pain in mice and rats—A systematic review. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 9:930005. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.930005 Hair K et al. (2022). ‘Living’ evidence frameworks for in vivo animal research: towards…

October 2022 The papers behind the pod: Piper, SK et al. (2022). Statistical review of animal trials—A guideline. Biometrical Journal https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.202200061 Gargaté MJ et al. (2022). Parallel Propagation of Toxoplasma gondii In Vivo, In Vitro and in Alternate Model: Towards Less Dependence on the Mice Model. Pathogens https://doi.or…

September 2022 The papers behind the pod: Pinho RH et al. (2022). Validation of the rabbit pain behaviour scale (RPBS) to assess acute postoperative pain in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). PLoS ONE 17(5): e0268973. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268973 Stull C, Heagerty A and Coleman K (2022). Video Conference Technology as a Tool for Pair …

August 2022 The papers behind the pod: Arjmand S et al. (2022). Tips and traps for behavioural animal experimentation. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, in press. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2022.4 Wrede P et al. (2022). Real-time 3D optoacoustic tracking of cell-sized magnetic microrobots circulating in the mouse brain vasculature. Science Advances 8(19). h…

July 2022 The papers behind the pod: Ferreira DA et al. (2021). Alternative to Soft Lithography for the Fabrication of Organ-on-a-Chip Elastomeric-Based Devices and Microactuators. Advanced Science 8:2003273. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202003273 Eigel D et al. (2019). Cryogel scaffolds for regionally constrained delivery of lysophosphatidylcholin…

June 2022 The papers behind the pod: Williams WO and Baneux P (2022). Humane Intervention Points: Refining endpoint terminology to incorporate non-euthanasia intervention options to improve animal welfare and preserve experimental outcomes. Laboratory Animals, in press. https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772221090801 Osorio D et al. (2022). scTenifoldKnk…

May 2022 The papers behind the pod: Wang, Q et al. (2022). Assessment of a 3D neural spheroid model to detect pharmaceutical-induced neurotoxicity. ALTEX 39. https://doi.org/10.14573/altex.2112221 Reynolds P.S. (2022) Between two stools: preclinical research, reproducibility, and statistical design of experiments. BMC Res. Notes 15, 73. https://doi…

April 2022 The papers behind the pod: Nigri M et al. (2022). Role of Environment and Experimenter in Reproducibility of Behavioral Studies With Laboratory Mice. Frontiers in Behavioural Neuroscience 16: e835444. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.835444 Vámos A et al. (2022) Mitophagy Mediates the Beige to White Transition of Human Primary Subcutan…

The papers behind the pod: 1. Baran SW et al. (2022). Perspectives on the Evaluation and Adoption of Complex In Vitro Models in Drug Development: Workshop with the FDA and the Pharmaceutical Industry (IQ MPS Affiliate). ALTEX, in press. https://doi.org/10.14573/altex.2112203 2. Borba JVB et al. (2022) STopTox: An in Silico Alternative to Animal Tes…

February https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-021-01184-0 https://doi.org/10.1177/00236772211065920 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04502-2 It’s the 3rd Thursday of February, and you’re listening to 3 Minute 3Rs. This month, we’re bringing you 3 refinement papers. Let’s start with rodent housing. Research rodents are conventionally housed in shoebox s…

The papers behind the pod: 1. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.71601 & https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.67995 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.805679 3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98356-3 It’s the 3rd Thursday of January – happy new year! You’re listening to 3 Minute 3Rs, your monthly recap of efforts to replace, reduce and refine the use of…

Sedation is necessary for zebrafish during procedures such as imaging, biopsy, and surgery to ensure animal welfare and high-quality science. But the effects of sedation can last beyond the administration period and should also be carefully considered. A paper by Gressler et al. explores the use of eugenol and propofol during a 3-hour sedation and …

The papers behind the pod: 1. A non-human primate in vitro functional assay for the early evaluation of TB vaccine candidates. npj Vaccines, January 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-00263-7 2. Inducible dominant negative ErbB2 rat spermatogonial line for generation of transgenic rat model and dissecting ERBB2 tyrosine kinase mediated pathwa…

The papers behind the pod: 1. Professional Quality of Life in Research Involving Laboratory Animals. Animals 11(9), 2639 (2021) https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092639 2. Improving culture of care through maximising learning from observations and events: Addressing what is at fault. Laboratory Animals (2021). https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00236772211037177…

Sept 2021 You’re listening to the September episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: Performance of preclinical models in predicting drug-induced liver injury in humans: a systematic review. Scientific Reports 11, 6403 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85708-2 Ratlas-LH: An MRI template of the Lister hooded rat brain with stereot…

You’re listening to the August episode of 3 Minute 3Rs! The papers behind the pod: Refinement of the spinal cord injury rat model and validation of its applicability as a model for memory loss and chronic pain. Heliyon 7, E07500 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07500 Strategies to encourage the adoption of social housing during cardio…

It’s the 3rd Thursday of July and you’re listening to 3 Minute 3Rs, your monthly recap of efforts to replace, reduce, and refine the use of animals in research. The papers behind the pod: SARS-CoV-2 infects an upper airway model derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells https://stemcellsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.100…

You’re listening to the June 2021 episode of 3 Minute 3Rs The papers behind the pod: Winning paper: Pellegrini L et al. (2020). Human CNS barrier-forming organoids with cerebrospinal fluid production. Science 369(6500): eaaz5626. doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz5626. Highly commended: Ashworth J et al. (2020). Peptide gels of fully-defined composition a…

You’re listening to the April episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: 1. PCR Testing of Media Placed in Soiled Bedding as a Method for Mouse Colony Health Surveillance. JAALAS https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-20-000096 2. New mosquito repellency bioassay for evaluation of repellents and pyrethroids using an attractive blood-feeding…

You’re listening to the April episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: 1. Identification of individual zebrafish (Danio rerio): a refined protocol for VIE tagging whist considering animal welfare and the principles of the 3RS. Animals 11, 616 (2021) https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030616 2. Enrichment for laboratory zebrafish – a review of …

You’re listening to the March episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: 1. Novel three-dimensional biochip pulmonary sarcoidosis model. PLoS One https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0245805 2. A new group housing approach for non-human primate metabolism studies. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Me…

You’re listening to the February episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: 1. In Vitro Tests for Assessing the Neutralizing Ability of Snake Antivenoms: Toward the 3Rs Principles. Frontiers in Immunology https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.617429 2. The Impact of Acute Loud Noise on the Behavior of Laboratory Birds. Frontiers in Veterinary…

You’re listening to the January episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: 1. Internal consistency and compatibility of the 3Rs and 3Vs principles for project evaluation of animal research. Laboratory Animals https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677220968583 2. Noise and Vibration in the Vivarium: Recommendations for Developing a Measurement Plan. …

You’re listening to the December episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: 1. Protective cranial implant caps for macaques. Journal of Neuroscience Methods https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108992 2. The ‘Cage Climber’ – A new enrichment for use in large-dimensioned mouse facilities. Applied Animal Behaviour Science https://doi.org/…

You’re listening to the November episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: 1. Three-Dimensional Human Alveolar Stem Cell Culture Models Reveal Infection Response to SARS-CoV-2. Cell Stem Cell https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.004 2. Improving reproducibility in animal research by splitting the study population into several ‘mini-expe…

You’re listening to the October episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: 1. The epidemiology of fighting in group-housed laboratory mice. Scientific Reports https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73620-0 2. Development of a miniaturized 96-Transwell air–liquid interface human small airway epithelial model. Scientific Reports https://…

You’re listening to the September episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: 1. Multicellular 3D Neurovascular Unit Model for Assessing Hypoxia and Neuroinflammation Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction. Scientific Reports https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-66487-8 2. Automated and rapid self-report of nociception in transgenic …

You’re listening to the August episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: 1. The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. PloS Biology https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410 2. Acute and chronic stress prevents responses to pain in zebrafish: evidence for stress-induced…

You’re listening to the July episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: 1. Reproducibility of animal research in light of biological variation. Nature review Neuroscience https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-020-0313-3 2. Inactivated rabies vaccines: Standardization of an in vitro assay for residual viable virus detection. Plos Neglected…

You’re listening to the June episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: A novel, high-welfare methodology for evaluating poultry red mite interventions in vivo. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030440171930041X Pluripotent state transitions coordinate morphogenesis in mouse and human embryos. https://www.nature.com/articl…

You’re listening to the May episode of 3 Minute 3Rs. The papers behind the pod: 1 Refining rodent models of spinal cord injury: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113273 2 Preclinical validation of the micropipette-guided drug administration (MDA) method in the maternal immune activation model of neurodevelopmental disorders https://www.scien…

You’re listening to the April episode of 3 Minute 3Rs, brought to you by the NC3Rs, North American 3Rs Collaborative, and Lab Animal. The papers behind the pod: 1. In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (https://www…

The March 2020 episode of 3 Minute 3Rs, brought to you by the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban)The papers:1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/320766332. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S02732300203005073. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-…

The February 2020 episode of 3 Minute 3Rs, brought to you by the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban).1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00928674193132362. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S01650270193030973. https://www.ncbi.nlm.ni…

The January 2020 episode of 3 Minute 3Rs, brought to you by the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban).Papers:1. https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.2019497092. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-56860-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677219879455[NC3Rs] Academic scien…

The December episode of 3 Minute 3Rs, brought to you by the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban).Papers: 1. Cage aggression in group-housed laboratory male mice: an international data crowdsourcing project. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51674-z2. Towards …

The November episode of 3 Minute 3rs, brought to you by the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban).Papers:1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6662399/2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5371849/3. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/20…

The October episode of 3 Minute 3rs, brought to you by the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban).Papers1. Modelling human hepato-biliary-pancreatic organogenesis from the foregut–midgut boundaryhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1598-02. Automated Platform for …

The September episode of 3 Minute 3rs, brought to you by the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban)Papers behind the pod:1. http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/371/1/15.long2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001216061830006X3. https://www.nature.com…

The August episode of 3-Minute 3Rs.Papers:1. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/7/eaaw40992. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/310260403. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31343844[LA] Nociception is the sense that tells animals they are encountering a potentially damaging stimulus. In people, we call it pain. Most pain research is done …

The July episode of 3-Minute 3Rs from the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org), the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban)Papers; 1. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/5/eaav65282. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44705-23. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-45464-w[NC3Rs] Colorectal ca…

The June episode of 3-Minute 3Rs from the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org), the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban)Papers; 1. https://bit.ly/2UH4hZt2. https://go.nature.com/2W5CIea3. https://bit.ly/2Fi4td4[LA] On the road to the clinic, immunocompromised mice transplanted with patient-derived xenografts …

The May episode of 3-Minute 3Rs from the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org), the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban)Papers:1. https://bit.ly/2vYuUPR2. https://go.nature.com/2w2tzre3. https://go.nature.com/2VEjEHz[NA3RC] Early mortality of pups in breeding colonies can reach upwards of 50% or higher dependi…

This is the April episode of 3-Minute 3Rs, brought to you by the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org), the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban)Source papers:1. Characterizing Sources of Variability in Zebrafish Embryo Screening Protocols. https://bit.ly/2VP8njP2. Effective chair training methods for neuroscie…

This is the March episode of 3-Minute 3Rs, brought to you by the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org, the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban)The papers behind the pod:1. Progressive Motor Neuron Pathology and the Role of Astrocytes in a Human Stem Cell Model of VCP-Related ALS. https://bit.ly/2uiF64X2. A cri…

This is the February episode of 3-Minute 3Rs, brought to you by the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org, the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban)The papers behind the pod:1. 3D-printed Wash Station with Integrated Anesthesia Delivery Manifold for High-throughput Depilation of Laboratory Mice. https://bit.ly/2…

This is the January episode of 3-Minute 3Rs, brought to you by the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org, the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban)The papers behind the pod:1. An Atypical Parvovirus Drives Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy and Kidney Fibrosis https://bit.ly/2FA6dPA2. Remote Welfare Monitori…