"I went" – past tense

I Speak Hindi

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Before, we learned about the present tense for first person verbs. Now we will learn about the past tense for intransitive verbs. Some examples in English would be “I went”, “I came”, “I rose”.

Before continuing let us go over the review questions from yesterday’s session.

Translate each of the following sentences two times. First as if a man was saying it, and then as if a woman was saying it.

	Man	Woman
1) I come.	??? ??? ???? (mein aataa huun)	??? ??? ???? (main aatii huun)
2) I see.	??? ????? ???? (main dekhtaa huun)	??? ????? ???? (main dekhtii huun)
3) I learn Hindi.	??? ????? ????? ???? (mein hindii siikhtaa huun)	??? ????? ????? ???? (main hindii siikhtii huun)
4) I listen to Hindi.	??? ????? ????? ???? (main hindii suntaa huun)	??? ????? ????? ???? (main hindii suntii huun)

Translate the following from Hindi into English. Also determine if it is being spoken by a man or a woman.

5) ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? (main ek aam dekhtaa huun)

Man saying, “I see a Mango.”

6) ??? ??????? ????? ???? (main kriket dekhtii huun)

Woman saying, “I watch cricket.”

Translate the following into Hindi:

7) to go – ???? (jaanaa)

8) to speak – ????? (bolnaa)

9) to eat – ???? (khaanaa)

10) to play – ????? (khelnaa)

Lesson

First, what are intransitive verbs? These are verbs that do not take a direct object. The action of these verbs describe how the subject of the sentence changed. The action of the verb does not describe something that was done to something. Here are some examples to illustrate.

“I went” describes a change to the subject of the sentence, “I”. “I” changed locations, went places.

“I ate a mango”, this describes an action that was done to something. A mango was eaten. This is a transitive verb. Even if the sentence was “I ate”, there would be something implied that was “eaten”, and it is still transitive in Hindi.

Today we talk only about the intransitive verbs such as “to rise”, “to come”, “to go”, ” to forget”, and “to stay”

Like the present tense, these change depending on if they are spoken by a man or a woman.

“I rose” a man would say, “??? ????” (main uthaa) but a woman would say “??? ????” (main uthii)

“I forgot” a man would say, “??? ?????” (main bhuulaa) but a woman would say “??? ?????” (main bhuulii).

“I stayed” a man would say, ??? ??? (main rahaa) and a woman would say ??? ??? (main rahii).

You see how we add ? (aa) or ? (ii) to the stem to make the past tense? There is a catch. What if there is already a ? at then end of the stem, then you add ? (y) before adding ? (aa). Take for example the word “to come” which is ??? (aanaa), the stem is just ? (aa).

A man would say “I came” by saying “??? ???” (main aayaa)

A woman would say “??? ??”. (main aaii)

And the word for “went” is completely different than the word for “go”. In Hindi, a man would say “I go” by saying ??? ???? ???? (main jaataa) but he would say “I went” by saying ??? ??? (main gayaa). A woman would say ??? ?? (main gaii). This is also true if it ends in any of the other vowels.

Let us try some review questions to test your understanding. Let us give you some more intransitive verbs that you can use.

????? (thaharnaa) – to wait

???? (chalnaa) – to move

????? (girnaa) – to fall

????? (milnaa) – to meet

???? (ronaa) – to cry (weep)

Translate each of the following sentences two times. First as if a man was saying it, and then as if a woman was saying it.

1) I waited.

2) I moved.

3) I fell.

4) I met.

5) I cried.

Translate the following from Hindi into English. Indicate if it is spoken by a man or a woman.

6) ??? ???? ????

7) ??? ???? ?????

8) ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????

9) ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????

10) ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????

I have setup a forum for us to discuss this podcast. If you feel adventurous, you can check it out at http://www.ispeakhindi.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=7

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