Better Birdhouses for our Backyard Friends

The Feathered Desert Podcast

Summary: Another way to attract birds to your backyard is to provide nesting possibilities. Join Kiersten and Cheryl as they talk about what kinds of nest boxes you can provide for your backyard birds.

For our hearing-impaired listeners, a transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean.

Show Notes:

Birdhouse Features: Features of a Good Birdhouse: https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/features-of-a-good-birdhouse

Find the birds near you and the best house for them: Right Bird, Right House: https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses/right-bird-right-house/

Nest Box designs by species: https://nestwatch.org/learn/all-about-birdhouses

Troubleshooting birdhouses for landlords: https://nestwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/nest_box_troubleshooting_20110126_final.pdf

Winter Roost Boxes: https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/will-birds-use-nest-boxes-to-roost-in-for-warmth-during-the-winter/

Transcript

Kiersten: Intro: We started The Feathered Desert to inform listeners in the southwest about how to feed wild birds successfully and responsibly. We wanted our listeners to know what kind of food to feed to attract the kinds of birds you wanted to see in your backyard. It occurred to me the other day that Cheryl and I have yet to talk about the other way to attract birds to the backyard and that is using nest boxes. So, today’s episode is all about the nest box.

Cheryl: Just like bird feeding, putting up birdhouses in your yard has evolved over the years to incorporate seasonal bird behavior and new scientific discoveries. To truly give the birds outside the best chance at surviving our constantly changing world, there are new guidelines for putting up birdhouses. It’s not a one size fits all device any more. You don’t just put up something that looks great to you and has a hole with a perch under it and see what happens. By observing bird behavior in the wild we’ve determined the best ways to offer birds a safe and secure home for raising young. Following these guidelines is the best way for you to attract even more birds to your yard and enjoy them for generations to come.

Kiersten: First of all, let’s start off with features of a good birdhouse. These features are specific to birdhouses used for nesting, also referred to as nest boxes. There are a few important features for usable nest boxes and they apply to a box you make yourself or one that you purchase.

1. First make sure the wood is untreated and unpainted. The best woods to use are cedar, pine, cypress, or for larger boxes, non-pressure treated CDX exterior grade plywood.
2. Second, use galvanized screws for construction. These hold up better than nails and are easier to remove when repairs are needed.
3. Third, make sure the roof is sloped and hangs over the main body of the house by 2-4 inches over the opening and 2 inches along the sides. This will help keep out rain even when it gets heavy and the wind is whipping wildly and will also help defend against predators. Adding ¼” cuts under all three edges of the roof will help funnel water away from the house, like rain gutters on our own houses.
4. Fourth, a recessed floor helps keep the nest dry and prolongs the life of the box.
5. Drainage holes on the floor are important, just in case water gets in. You can cut away the corners of the floor if you’re making it yourself or drill 4 holes approximately 3/8” to ½” in diameter on the floor of a premade box.
6. Sixth, to regulate the temperature the walls should be at least ¾” thick. We also want ventilation holes in both side walls, this is especially important in the heat of the southwest. There should be two holes at the top of each wall with 5/8” diameter.

Cheryl:

7. Seventh, predator prevention. Predators are something that birds have to deal with naturally, but remember we are offering them a house that they are not making themselves. When they make their own nest, they disguise it from the predators such as snakes, raccoons, chipmunks, and outdoor domestic cats. The box that we’re offering can stick out like a sore thumb so we need to take a few precautions. First, no perches under the opening! The birds don’t need them and it’s like a welcome mat for predators. Add baffles to the structure where you’ve mounted the nest box. Using collar baffles or stovepipe baffles work great on poles and smaller trees. Noel guards, a wire mesh tube attached to the front of the house, is a good way to protect an opening on a box mounted on a tree that is too large for a baffle.
8. Eight, make sure the opening of the box is the correct size for the birds you want to attract. Remember before when I said there are no one size fits all birdhouses? This is where some of our new information comes in to play. Each species of bird desires a specific size hole for their house. It is very important that the hole in the house is the correct size for the species of bird you want to attract. For example, an American Kestrel needs a hole 3” in diameter, a Northern Flicker needs a hole 2 ½” in diameter, and chickadees need a hole 1 1/8” in diameter. Hole size is also important in deterring non-native birds such as European Starlings and House Sparrows.
9. Nine, rough up the interior wall beneath the opening. Rough walls help the chicks get out when it’s time to fledge. You can use course sandpaper or cut long horizontal grooves into the wood below the opening.
10. Tenth, make sure the back is slightly extended above and below the box to give you room to easily mount it on your pole or tree.
11. Eleventh, last but not least you want one side to be hinged so it can be opened after nesting season for easy cleaning access. Now, we know this is a lot to remember but we’ll share a link in our show notes so you can look up this list later.

Kiersten: That’s a perfect segue way into cleaning! This is also new and different from when we used to put up those cutesy birdhouses many moons ago. Do you need to clean your nest box out in between seasons? Yes! It’s very important to clean out old nesting material every year. That why we’re making one of the walls hinged. Removing old nesting material makes sure bacteria and detrimental insects are not passed from one family to the next. Typically, just opening the side panel and removing any plant matter that you find inside is enough, but if you had some especially dirty tenants, using a little warm water and plant-based soap (something like Simple Green or Seventh Generation) to remove poop is a good idea. Clean out your nest box after the last fledgling has left and you don’t see any activity around the box for about ten days. When cleaning remember to protect yourself, as well. Use a dust mask and gloves to prevent any zoonotic disease transfer.

Cheryl: Speaking of seasonal activities, when should I put out my nest box? In the southwest have your nest box mounted and ready for visitors by mid-February. This is typically when our year-round residents begin looking for nesting sites and when our part-time residents are migrating in.

You can leave your nest box up year-round once you’ve found the perfect spot. To prevent unwanted guests such as European Starlings, bees, wasps, or squirrels from taking up residence in the off season you can close up your house. Plug up the opening and cover the ventilation holes like you might do for a cabin you only use in the spring or summer. To prevent honey bees or wasps from colonizing the nest box spray some non-stick cooking spray on the inside of the top of the box. This makes it too slippery for the insects to climb on. When it comes time for nesting season again, open everything up and give it a quick spring cleaning.

Kiersten: Where should I put my nest box?

This all depends on what bird species your box is made for. Every species has a preferred habitat. To help you decide which species you may want to attract go to nestwatch.org (I’ll put the link in our show notes) and they have an interactive page called Right Bird, Right House. This is so cool! You put in what region you live in and what habitat surrounds your house. I put in the Southwest and the desert and it showed me which birds are in my area, where to attach my house, and what kind of house to build or buy. It tells you everything you need to know such as when they nest, how high the box should be, which direction it should be facing, and if they are in decline in your area. Some of the birds they show for the desert southwest are the barn owl, the Bewick’s wren, brown-crested flycatcher, the elf owl, and the Say’s Phoebe. If you live in the White Mountains or summer in a cabin you might put up a house for the black-crested titmouse, the bridled titmouse, the mountain bluebird, or the pygmy nuthatch.

Now a note of caution in the Phoenix Valley, in the severe heat that we get here you need to be extra careful with where you put up a nest box. It should be in an area that is shaded almost all day. If you don’t have any area like that or you can’t put up a device to add shade, you may not want to place a nest box in your yard.

Cheryl: If you put up a nest box but no one seems to be moving in, be patient. It can take up to a year for a nest box to be noticed and used. If you see some interested parties that just aren’t buying, maybe you’ve put it in the wrong place or maybe mounted it too high or too low. There could be other things wrong that we don’t see but the birds do. Nest Watch from The Cornell Lab of Ornithology has a trouble-shooting guide for nest box landlords that you can access online. And we’ll post that link in our show notes.

Kiersten: One last thing about nest boxes that I didn’t even think about until I did the research for this episode. The question came up as to whether birds would use a nest box to roost in the winter? I’d never even thought about that, but as we just discussed we should be closing them up outside of breeding season. So… you can actually have a roosting box for your overwintering birds!

What’s the difference between a nest box and a roosting box? The design of each box is vastly different. A well-designed roost box prevents the birds’ body heat from escaping, so it will have fewer ventilation holes than a nest box. The entrance hole will be near the bottom of the box to prevent the rising warm air from escaping which is opposite of the nesting box. Inside the roosting box there will be several perches to allow multiple birds to roost as opposed to an open area in a nest box where a nest can be made. Staggering the perching will allow for everyone to have their own spot but still be close enough to snuggle for warmth. Roughing up the sides is a great way to encourage clinging birds such as woodpeckers or creepers to use the box. Roosting boxes are usually larger than a single-family nest box to accommodate species that huddle in the winter. Hinging the top panel allows for easy cleaning after the winter season.

This could be a great option for our Phoenix Valley residents who can’t use a nest box because their yards are short on shade. These are not as readily available to purchase already made, but we’ll post a few links that have blueprints for making your own.

Cheryl: Just like feeding birds, placing nest and roost boxes in your yard should only be done if you are willing to take the time to do it right. You must have the time and motivation to use the correct products, place it in the best place, provide predator prevention, and be willing and able to clean it properly. If this is not something you can do in your own yard, reach out to your local birding groups and see if there are any community nest projects you could help with. Schools and daycares often get students to create nest boxes and mount them near their facilities. Maybe you can offer to help them out.

If you do decide to put up a nest box, consider taking the next step and joining Project Nest Watch at Cornell. This is a citizen scientist program that teachs you how to monitor nest boxes for scientific studies. The data you record watching the birds you’re already watching can help further our understanding of bird behavior.

Kiersten: That’s Nest Boxes in a nutshell. If you’re interested in putting one up in your yard please check out our show notes and use the links we’ve provided to get more information to help you successfully offer your backyard birds a great place to raise a family.

A future note: We will be taking a break in September 2023 but we’ll be back with new full-length episodes in October!