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Episode 112: By Hook or By Crook | Bruce's Beach and Mildred Fish-Harnack
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Tina and Hillary cover Mildred Fish-Harnack and Bruce’s Beach.
Tina’s Story
After purchasing land on Manhattan Beach California In 1912, Willa and Charles Bruce created a popular resort for local black residents. BUT, when white neighbors complain, the City Council uses eminent domain to steal their property.
Hillary’s Story
American and literary academic Mildred Fish-Harnack moved to Germany to begin her career as a professor. BUT when Nazi’s started infiltrating all aspects of German life, she served as a spy for the Nazi Resistance.
Sources
Tina's Story
California Beaches
Bruce’s Beach – The Pretty Park with a Stormy Past
CEO LA County
Bruce's Beach
Change.org
Bruce's Beach: Justice for the Bruce family
City of Manhattan Beach
Bruce's Beach
City of Manhattan Beach
History Advisory Board Report
Easy Reader
What happened at Bruce’s Beach--by MARK MCDERMOTT
The Guardian
A beach town seized a Black couple’s land in the 1920s. Now their family could get it back--by Sam Levin
Bruce’s Beach to be returned to Black family 100 years after city ‘used the law to steal it’
The Inertia
Southern California’s Bruce’s Beach Will Return to Descendants of Original Black Owners--by Will Sileo
KCET
Manhattan Beach: The City Built on Sand Dunes Celebrates Its Centennial--By Nathan Masters
LA ist
How Bruce's Beach Was Stolen From The Black Family That Owned It — And How They Got It Back--By Hadley Meares
NBC Los Angeles
Governor Signs Bruce's Beach Bill in Move to Transfer Seized Property to Black Owners' Family
New York Time
California Beach Seized in 1924 From a Black Family Could Be Returned--by Jacey Fortin
NPR WLRN
A Black family got their beach back — and inspired others to fight against land theft--by Danny Hajek and A Martinez
Office of Governor Gavin Newsome
Moving to Right Historical Wrong, Governor Newsom Signs Legislation to Return Bruce’s Beach to Black Descendants
Spectrum News
The Legacy of Bruce's Beach, the South Bay's Black Resort--by David Mendez
Washington Post
Born with two strikes--by Toluse Olorunnipa and Griff Witte
Wikipedia
Bruce's Beach
Manhattan Beach, California
Photos
Charles and Willa Bruce--from Duane Yellow Feather Shepart via The Guardian
Bruce's Lodge, circa 1916 from Manhattan Beach Historical Society via Easy Readers News
Couple enjoying a day at Bruce's Beach, circa 1927--from the LaVera White Collection via Easy Readers News
Vistors to Bruce's Beach--from the Miriam Matthews Photograph Collection/UCLA via CEO LA County
Hillary's Story
PBS
Wisconsin's Nazi Resistance: The Mildred Fish-Harnack Story
PBS Wisconsin
WISCONSIN’S NAZI RESISTANCE: THE MILDRED FISH-HARNACK STORY
PBS Wisconsin Biographies
Mildred Fish-Harnack: Germany's Secret Hero
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Mildred Fish-Harnack honored as hero of resistance to Nazi regime--by Kari Knutson
Wikipedia
Mildred Harnack
Wisconsin Life
Mildred Harnack: Remembering The Wisconsin Woman Who Resisted Hitler--by Meg Jones
Women in Wisconsin
Mildred Fish-Harnack
Photos
Mildred Fish-Harnack--via UW-Madison Archives
Arvid and Mildred Fish-Harnack--via UW-Madison Archives
Mildred Fish-Harnack Prison Photo--from Arthur Heitzer via UW-Madison
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