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On Humans

Ilari Mäkelä

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Where do we come from? What brings us together? Why do we love? Why do we destroy? On Humans Podcast features conversations with leading scholars about human nature, human condition, and the human journey. From the origins of war to the psychology of love, each topic brings fresh insights into perennial questions about our self-understanding. Support: Patreon.com/OnHumans Articles: OnHumans.Substack.com About your host: Ilari Mäkelä is a London-based science communicator with training in Phi ...
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For millenia, patriarchy, population growth, and extractive elites made the world a bleak place for most humans. But there are good, too: everything changed around 1870. And the changed happened due to the taming of the genius of people like Nikolai Tesla. So runs the argument my guest today, Brad DeLong. I will let him explain it to you. You can e…
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We live longer and grow taller than ever before. We are healthier and wealthier. Our ancestors could hardly have imagined a life of such prosperity. A future archaeologist would be equally puzzled. How did we become so rich so fast? What changes could have been so dramatic as to literally change the height of our species? Our modern prosperity is n…
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Over half a century, Sarah Blaffer Hrdy has challenged many of our myths about parenting, attachment, and "human nature". In this conversation, we dive into her remarkable career, culminating in her new book, Father Time. [You can now order Father Time via Amazon or Princeton Uni Press] We discuss a variety of topics, from hunter-gatherer parenting…
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“It was important for us to be very direct” Dr. Adaira Landry and Dr. Resa Lewiss are back together on Explore The Space Podcast! This time, these two extraordinary ER docs are here to discuss their new book “MicroSkills” and things they would have liked to have learned earlier in their career. These two are remarkable coaches, educators, and write…
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Modern cities are unique. Never before have so many people lived so close to each other. But just how unique is our modern cosmopolitanism? Completely unique, says a traditional theory. Humans evolved in groups. These groups were not only smaller than modern cities. They were smaller than medieval towns. Indeed, hunter-gatherers often move in bands…
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Infinity is a puzzling idea. Even young children are fascinated by its various manifestations: What is the biggest number? Does the universe have an edge? Does time have a beginning? Philosophers have tried to answer these questions since time immemorial. More recently, they have been joined by scientists and mathematicians. Indeed, a whole branch …
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Why are we furless? Why do we cook our food and use spoken language? And how does climate change, sashimi, or the banks of Central America relate to human origins? Human evolution is a deeply puzzling topic. But behind this dense mist lies many keys to our self-understanding. To guide us through the foggy territory, I am joined by Dr Ian Tattersall…
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We are conscious creatures. But why? Why did consciousness evolve? Can we use biology to explain the origins of feeling and meaning? Or will consciousness forever escape the grip of the scientific method? Eva Jablonka has thought hard about these issues. An eminent evolutionary biologist, she became famous for her pioneering work on epigenetic inhe…
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Why do we love? What brings us together? How to heal ethnic hatred? According to my guest, the answer to all these questions lies in the human desire to grow ourselves through connecting with others. Arthur Aron is a psychologist who studies human bonding in all its forms. A pioneer in the field, he has studied topics from connecting with strangers…
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Dr. Danielle Sarno is the Director of Interventional Pain Management in the Department of Neurosurgery at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and an Instructor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Harvard Medical School. She joins Explore The Space Podcast to discuss powerful ongoing work in the equity space, focusing on effective mentorship and spo…
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Can evolution shed light on our mental health? Nikhil Chaudhary thinks so. He is an anthropologist at the University of Cambridge who specialises in the links between evolution and psychiatry. In this clip, Dr Chaudhary explores the evolutionary origins of ADHD, depression, and anxiety. For our longer conversation on parenting and family life, see …
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We expect a lot from parents, especially from mothers. “Maternal instincts” are such, we are told, that mothers should gain almost literal superpowers from the joy of parenting. Unfortunately, many parents face a different reality. Having children can be one of the most stressful times of life, amplified by feelings of guilt and inadequacy. Why is …
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Happy New Year 2024! To celebrate the new year, Spotify sent me a bunch of data points about 2023. I was particularly interested in one question: which conversation moved people the most? I already knew which episode people played the most. (That's episode 17 with Bernardo Kastrup.) But to listen is one thing. To share with friends and family is an…
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“It’s interesting what happens when we open ourselves up to receive people” Dr. Kimberly Manning is back for the best tradition ever, coming on Explore The Space at the end of the year to reflect, reset, and move into what is to come. She is the best, this conversation goes all over the place and it’s wonderful. Enjoy! Check out Dr. Manning’s previ…
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This is the final episode of 2023. And it is an odd episode. My guest is Gregory Forth. He is an anthropologist who specializes in the biological theories of indigenous peoples. Forth was doing this work on the Flores Island, Indonesia, during the 2003 discovery of a new hominin species: Homo floresiensis. This was an exciting discovery for many. B…
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Capitalism can cause massive economic inequalities. Indeed, a century after Adam Smith wrote the Wealth of Nations, the richest 1% owned a record-breaking 70% of England’s wealth. Not surprisingly, this era saw the rise of a very different economic theorist: Karl Marx. [You can see this and many other graphs here.] But does capitalism have to incre…
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The tension between science and religion is perhaps the greatest tension of our age. Is the world fundamentally made of atoms, quarks, and quantum fields? Or is the material world but a secondary realm, lesser in meaning to the kingdom of God? There are many iterations of this tension. But there are also bridge-builders; thinkers who want to bridge…
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The world is governed by objective laws of physics. They explain the movements of planets, oceans, and cells in our bodies. But can they ever explain the feelings and meanings of our mental lives? This problem, called the hard problem of consciousness, runs very deep. No satisfactory explanation exists. But many think that there must, in principle,…
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How natural is a sexual division of labour? Very natural, claims a popular theory. Indeed, it was the secret to our success: men evolved to hunt, women to forage. This allowed women to focus on childcare while staying economically productive; after all, one can gather food with children. Men, on the other hand, could focus on high-risk hunting. At …
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“Why do we care about equality? Is it an invention of the European Enlightenment? Or is it something rooted in human nature?” These questions launched episode 15 with philosopher Elizabeth Anderson. Titled “A Deep History of Equality”, our conversation ranged from Pleistocene hunter-gatherers to Chinese communism. Today’s episode continues the ques…
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“It’s about heroes!” Dr. Lindsey Fitzharris is one of the world’s finest medical historians, Adrian Teal is a wonderful artist and caricaturist. Together they have combined on the superb new book “Plague-Busters”. We had such fun discussing this book which, while directed towards a younger audience, is a blast for any reader. Check out Dr. Fitzharr…
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The human brain is sometimes called the "most complex thing in the universe”. It allows us to study ourselves, other animals, and the cosmos itself. Indeed, we often think of our brain as the pinnacle of animal evolution. But what do we actually know about the human brain? How different is it from the brain of an elephant? A chimpanzee? A raccoon? …
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“That’s what’s been our goal, showing that sense of urgency” Dr. Michael Galvez is a Pediatric Hand Surgeon in California, Dr. Cesar Padilla is an Obstetric Anesthesiologist and Intensivist in California and they join Explore The Space Podcast to discuss National Latino Physician Day and the critical need to increase the number of Latino/a physicia…
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How literally can we be in "synch" with someone? Very literally, said my guest in episode 3. Originally titled “A Musical Biology of Love”, this was a fascinating episode with jazz musician and neuroscientist Ruth Feldman. We recorded the episode one year ago, almost to the day. I have thought a lot about it ever since. So here it is again, with re…
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Machines allow us to do more work with less effort. They sound like an obviously good thing. But there is a tension here. New gadgets and new technologies - new simple “machines” - have been invented throughout history. But it looks like the living standard of the average person did not change for most of that time. So what happened to all the extr…
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To complete a trilogy on the anthropology of war, here is episode 8 from the archives. Enjoy! SUPPORT THE SHOW Please consider becoming a supporter of On Humans. Even small monthly donations can make a huge impact on the long-term sustainability of the program. Visit: ⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon.com/OnHumans ⁠⁠⁠⁠ Get in touch: ilari@onhumans.org _______ Thomas Hob…
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Is war natural for humans? This question launched episode 8 of this podcast. In that episode, anthropologist Douglas Fry argued that war is a new phenomenon. Yes, history is full of wars. But war arrived on stage only 10-15 thousand years ago – or in many areas, much later. And while war is undoubtedly part of human capacity, it is hardly our hardw…
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What does war do to the human psyche? It can traumatise. It can cause grief. It can normalise violence and make demons out of the enemy. But difficult times can also elevate our care and compassion. And while much of the new solidarity is focused on those on “our side”, the helping hand does not always stop at the border. Or so argues anthropologis…
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Humans are odd in many ways. But perhaps the oddest of our features is our upright posture. We walk on two legs. And we are the only mammal to do so. So why do we walk upright? And why does it matter? Jeremy DeSilva is a fossil expert and a professor of paleoanthropology at Dartmouth College. He is also the author of a remarkable book, aptly titled…
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Here is a common view on human development: In the beginning, children can only think about themselves. Slowly, they learn to care about others — or more cynically, they learn to pretend that they care about others. Variations of this view have been promoted by thinkers from Sigmund Freud to Richard Dawkins. This view has then been used to make pre…
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“How do I learn to save myself in this world where I’m asked to save others?” Anthony Chin-Quee is an Ear, Nose and Throat specialist who wrote the stunning memoir “I Can’t Save You”. We covered the various writing styles and techniques he used this remarkable work and the challenge of finding yourself while learning how to be a doctor. We also div…
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Dr. Nora Volkow is a Psychiatrist and the Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) at the National Institutes of Health. She joins Explore The Space Podcast for a powerful discussion on the impact of synthetic opioids on the risk of overdose and unintentional death, the massive impact of Social Determinants of Health, and the importa…
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What would a Neanderthal think about our species? What about a chimpanzee? When compared to our cousins, how friendly or violent are we? Richard Wrangham is a chimpanzee expert and professor of human biology at Harvard. He is one of the most important evolutionary anthropologists alive and truly one of the dream guests for this podcast. It was a gr…
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“We can accelerate change in this country” Dr. Annie Andrews is a Pediatrician, a leading gun violence researcher and the founder of “Their Future, Our Vote”, an organization focused on supporting lawmakers who put the needs of children first in policy decisions. She comes back to Explore The Space Podcast to discuss “Their Future”, the importance …
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Season 2 is out this Saturday, 17th of June! In this final highlight from season 1, anthropologist Vivek Venkataraman talks to Ilari about living with Batek hunter-gatherers. The Batek live in the rainforests of Malaysia and are famous for being one of the most egalitarian society ever studied: things are shared, decisions are made together, and me…
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The Ted Lasso finale has aired, and what a finale it was! Mark and Sayed are joined by Dr. Jaime Coleman once again to break it all down. We also take time to say farewell to MedLasso, and what a ride it’s been! Thank You to everyone who has listened, shared, amplified, and participated in this incredible #MedLasso community! Check out the archive …
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“The more you do it, the easier it gets” June is Gun Violence Awareness Month, and in that spirit we welcome Dr. Katrina Green to Explore The Space Podcast. Dr. Green is an emergency physician in Tennessee who has emerged as a powerful and committed advocate on a variety of issues. She has recently received much attention for her work and presence …
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We’re down to the penultimate episode of Ted Lasso, so naturally it’s time to talk legacy. Dr. Jane Liebschutz joins Sayed and Mark for a deep dive into Ted Lasso season 3 episode 11. We cover legacy, healing and the cool way Jane and Mark are connected since the early 1990s. This was so fantastic, enjoy and listen all the way to the end for a fun …
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