Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour podcast

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** The Shulhan Aruch (Siman 452) rules that one may Kosher utensils for Pesah with Ha'agalah, even if they were used in the last twenty-four hours, so long as he does so before the fifth hour on Ereb Pesah. However, Maran continues (452:2) and adds that one should not dip a meat and milk utensil together into the same Ha'agalah water, if they were both used within the last twenty-four hours. The reason is that the meat and milk flavor absorbed in the spoons will be extracted in the boiling water and combine there to form a prohibited taste. If one of the utensils had a Pagum (impaired) taste, i.e. it was not used in the last day, then it is permitted to dip both utensils together. In the event one did dip both utensils together, it is permitted, B'divavad, after the fact. ------- Technically, a non-Jew may dip the utensils in the Ha'agalah vat, as long as a knowledgeable Jew is supervising. However, the Yalkut Yosef cites the Kav Hayashar that according to the Kabbalah, when one purges his utensils of Hames, he is actually purging his soul from sin, and therefore it is preferable that he does it himself. ------- Hacham Yishak Yosef emphasizes in Yalkut Yosef that there is no reason to be stringent and not rely on Ha'agalah. It is perfectly legitimate and restores utensils to a complete Kosher for Pesah status. Therefore, there is no reason to go out and buy new utensils for Pesah instead of Koshering the old ones. SUMMARY 1. One should not Kosher meat and milk utensils simultaneously unless at least one of them is "Eno Ben Yomo"-hasn't been used in twenty-four hours. If one did so, it is permitted B'divavad. 2. One should preferably dip his own vessels into the boiling water, and not use a non-Jew. 3. Koshering utensils with Ha'agalah is L'chathila.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

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Pesah – Koshering a Blender

1 day ago

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** Is it possible to kosher a blender for Pesah, and, if so, how is this done? A blender consists of three parts – the grinder, the jar, and the base in which the motor is situated. The base just needs to be thoroughly cleaned to ensure that all residue of food is removed. If the jar is made of glass, then it, too, needs simply to be cleaned, as glass does not absorb Hametz. If, however, the glass is made from plastic (as most blenders are nowadays), then it might require koshering, depending on the circumstances. If it had been used with only cold Hametz, then it needs only to be thoroughly cleaned, since cold food is not absorbed by the walls of a utensil. If, however, the blender was used with hot Hametz, such as to prepare hot cereal, then the jar must be koshered with hot water. The precise method of koshering depends on how the blender had been used. If one had poured hot water in the blender and then added the cereal, then the blender absorbed Hametz as a Keli Sheni ("second utensil," as opposed to the original utensil in which the water was heated). Therefore, it suffices to pour boiling water from a Keli Sheni into the utensil. If one had first placed the cereal and then poured the boiling water, then the blender absorbed Hametz as a result of hot water poured from its original utensil. Therefore, one should kosher it by pouring on it boiling water directly from the kettle. However, since most people do not always remember how the blender was used, it is preferable to perform standard "Hag'ala" by immersing it in boiling water. This is the ruling of Hacham Ovadia Yosef. According to some Poskim, the immersion should be done three times, because plastic must be treated like earthenware (which must be immersed three times). The grinder must be thoroughly cleaned and then immersed in boiling water. Special care must be taken to remove all pieces of food, as oftentimes some small particles can get stuck inside grinder. Summary: To kosher a blender for Pesah, one must thoroughly clean the entire apparatus – the base, the grinder and the jar – and then immerse the grinder in boiling water. If the jar is made from plastic, then it, too, should be immersed in boiling water, preferably three times. If it is made from glass, it does not need immersion in boiling water, and it suffices to ensure that is perfectly clean. If one knows that the blender was never used with hot Hametz, then even if the jar is made from plastic it does not require koshering.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

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Pesah- Making a Vessel Kosher for Pesah

2 days ago

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** To use a vessel on Pesah that was used during the year for Hames, it must first undergo koshering through Hag'ala, which literally means to extract or purge the Hames that has been absorbed in the vessel. The method of extraction depends on how the vessel was used. The famous rule of the Gemara is "K'bol'o Kach Polto"- the way the vessel absorbed Hames is the way it extracts. That is, if the vessel was used only with fire without water, it must be made Kosher with fire. If it was used with boiling water, then it must be extracted through boiling water. The type of extraction is based on "Rov Tashmisho"-the majority type of use. For example, it is possible that a fork was used directly with Hames in the fire, but the majority of times the fork was used to stir liquid in a pot. Therefore, it is sufficient to Kosher the fork with boiling water. The question is how can the lesser form of extraction, boiling, work, if even one time it was used directly in the fire? The Rama MiPano (R. Menachem Azaria, 1548-1620, Italy) says in his Responsa (97) that he was asked this question by his students. One answer he brings from the scholars in the Yeshiva is that this rule is limited to cases in which there is only a possibility that it was used directly in the fire, but if there was even one certain instance, it would require extraction via fire. The Rama MiPano brings proof that this rule of the majority applies even to cases in which it was certainly used with fire. Therefore, he offers a new answer to the question and says that the rule applies only to cases in which the vessel hasn't been used in the last 24 hours, i.e. it is not "Ben Yomo, and therefore by Torah law any Hames absorbed in the vessel is already "Pagum"-lost its effectiveness. Since it only needs koshering by Rabbinic law, "Hem Amru V'Hem Amru"-they instituted the problem and they determined the solution, whereby the extraction follows the majority use of the vessel. This approach is also taken by the Peri Hadash ((Rav Hizkiya Da Silva, 1656-1695) It follows that if the vessel had been used for Hames in the last 24 hours, then it would be koshered according to the strictest use done with it, even if only one time. In short, by waiting 24 hours since the vessel was used with Hames, the vessel may be koshered with the method based on its majority use.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

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Pesah- The Water Used for Baking Masa

3 days ago

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** When baking Masot for the Misva of Masa at the Seder, one must use "Mayim She'lanu" (pronounced with a "Dagesh" in the "Lamed") – meaning, water that has been left overnight. This means that if a person plans to bake Masa for the Misva on Tuesday, then the water that he will knead with the dough should be drawn on Monday, preferably just before sundown, when, the Rabbis teach, water is at its coldest. When drawing the water, one should verbally declare that he draws the water for the purpose of the Misva of Masa ("Hareni Sho'eb Le'shem Misvat Masa"). The water should then be placed in a special utensil where it will remain until the next day. The Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909) writes (listen to audio recording for precise citation) that one should wash his hands before drawing the water for the Masot. Furthermore, he writes that the water should be drawn specifically by a Jew; one should not ask or hire a gentile to draw the water for the baking of the Masot for Pesah. The water must be left to sit throughout the entire night, and therefore, as the Ben Ish Hai writes, one should not begin kneading the Masot until after Alot Ha'shahar (daybreak) the next morning. If one begins the process earlier than Alot Ha'shahar, then the water is not considered to have been left to sit throughout the entire night, and the Masot are thus invalid for the Misva. Therefore, one who bakes Masot must ensure to draw the water used for the baking the previous day before sundown, and leave it to sit throughout the night until daybreak. Summary: The water used for baking Masot for the Misva of Masa at the Seder must be drawn the day before baking, and left to sit throughout the night until daybreak. The water should be drawn specifically by a Jew, who before drawing the water should wash his hands and announce that he draws the water for the purpose of the Misva.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

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Pesah- Proper Procedures to Follow When Baking Masot

4 days ago

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** Rav Yosef Shalom Elyashiv (contemporary) records the practice of the "Medakdekim" (those who are especially meticulous in their Halachic observance) not to rely on any Kashrut certification of Masot, and instead eat on Pesah only Masot that they baked personally (listen to audio recording for precise citation). He ruled that it is therefore preferable for people to form groups that bake Masot and personally oversee the entire process, including cleaning the utensils, to make sure that the Masot were baked properly. The reason for this custom is that Masa is the product that can most easily become Hametz. Therefore, it is worthwhile for communities to form Haburot (groups) to bake Masa themselves, rather than rely on the industrial manufacturers, even those with valid Kashrut supervision, given the mistakes that could occur in the industrial manufacturing process. This would certainly be an advisable practice for synagogues, to go as a group to a Masa factory several months before Pesah to bake the Masot that they then eat on Pesah. The Mishna Berura (459:10) writes that those baking Masot must work especially rapidly when placing the Masot into the oven. The area right outside the oven is, of course, very hot, and the intense heat could cause the dough to ferment and become Hametz before the Masa has a chance to bake. It is therefore critical not to delay at all near the oven, and to place the Masa from the stick into the oven immediately. A question was once brought to Rav Elyashiv concerning a bakery where one Masa was held on the stick for several moments before being put down in the oven, while the baker searched for a suitable spot inside the oven. This Masa was later mixed with the other Masot in that batch, and the question arose whether perhaps the entire batch should be deemed unsuitable, given the possibility that the Masa in question had become Hametz due to the delay in placing it inside the oven. Rav Elyashiv ruled leniently, noting that we may rely on the possibility that the Masa had already begun to bake inside the oven, and thus did not have a chance to become Hametz. In any event, the fact that the question was raised demonstrates the importance of working rapidly during the process of placing the Masot into the oven. Rav Elyashiv ruled that when possible, each stick used for placing Masot into the oven should be used only once. The stick absorbs some of the dough, and that dough may become Hametz inside the wood of the stick and then affect the Masot that are placed upon it subsequently. This is a measure of stringency that may not be feasible in an industrial system, and this is yet another reason why it is preferable, for this who are able, to bake their own Masot, as they are able to maintain the highest standards, which are not always practical in large-scale production. The custom is to examine each Masa that comes out of the oven and discard any "Masa Kefula," meaning, a Masa that has folded over, and is not perfectly flat. The concern is that the dough in the folded area was not fully baked and thus became Hametz, and therefore any "Masa Kefula" is broken and then put to the side and considered Hametz. Rav Elyashiv ruled that if a "Masa Kefula" had been placed on top of another Masa, the Masa on the bottom is permissible for use on Pesah. We do not have to go so far as to suspect that the bottom Masa became Hametz from the top Masa. Summary: It is worthwhile, when possible, to bake one's own Masot for Pesah, rather than rely on the supervision of Masa factories. When one bakes Masa, he must ensure not to allow the Masot to stand still for even a moment right near the oven; they must be placed from the stick into the oven immediately, without any delay whatsoever. It is customary to discard Masot that doubled over during baking, and are not perfectly flat. The Masot that were underneath such a Masa are permissible for Pesah.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

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Pesah-How to Take Halla from Massa?

5 days ago

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** The Halacha states (Shulhan Aruch 456) states that Massa dough should be kneaded in small batches of less than the amount that requires taking Halla (approximately 3.5 lbs.). The Rabbis were concerned that if one would use a larger batch, it may be too big to handle at one time, and part of the dough would be left aside and become Hametz. Nevertheless, it is still possible to fulfill the Misva of separating Halla from Massa. The individual small batches of dough can be connected so that, together, they reach the requisite measure necessary to take Halla. This method is often not practical because the Massa baking process is so rushed. The preferred solution is to first bake all of the Massot and then to gather them all in a single bin. Together, they form the requisite measure, and one Massa can be taken as Halla for all of the Massot. It should be noted that on Yom Tob, it is prohibited to take Halla from Massot thqat were baked before Yom Tob. Therefore, all proper Hashgachot of Massot indicate that Halla has already been taken. Taking Halla from Massot baked on Yom Tob presents a special challenge as to what to do with the separated dough. It cannot be given to a Kohen, since our dough is all Tameh (ritually impure). It cannot be burnt, as is usually done, since it is prohibited to burn holy items, which will not be eaten on Yom Tob. Letting the dough sit until after Yom Tob would allow the dough to become Hametz on Pesach. While theoretically, the dough could be immersed in very cold water to suspend the leavening, this is not recommended. Rather, Maran says that the best option is to take Halla after the Massot are already baked. That way, the Halla can be set aside until after Yom Tob and burned. SUMMARY Massa should be kneaded in small batches of under 3.5 lbs. Halla should be taken from the Massa after it is already baked.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

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The Procedure for Taking Three Steps Back After the Amida

7 days ago

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** The Gemara in Masechet Yoma emphasizes the importance of taking three steps back after completing the Amida, commenting that if one did not do this properly, then it would have been preferable for him not to have prayed at all. In a sense, failing to take three steps back after the Amida almost invalidates the prayer. After stepping back, one recites, "Oseh Shalom Bi'mromav…" The simple understanding of the requirement to take three steps back is that it displays respect and reverence to G-d. After standing in the Almighty's presence, we cannot just leave; this would be disrespectful. We instead reverently step backwards, facing Hashem. We step back first with our left foot, showing that we are reluctant to leave, and we do so starting with our weaker foot. The Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909) offers a different explanation, based on Kabbalistic teaching. When we stand before G-d and recite the Amida, he writes, we are in the realm of "Asilut." And once we finish, we must pass through the realms of "Beri'a" and "Yesira" to return to our world, the realm of "Asiya." We thus take three steps, corresponding to the three stages of our return to this realm. After one take the three steps back and recites "Oseh Shalom," he remains in place with his feet together until the time for the recitation of "Nakdishach." At that point, one takes three steps forward – starting with his right foot – and keeps his feet together for "Nakdishach." The Kaf Ha'haim (Rav Yaakob Haim Sofer, Baghdad-Jerusalem, 1870-1939) writes that if "Nakdishach" begins immediately after one takes his three steps back, then he should right away take his three steps forward for "Nakdishach," without waiting. If, before "Nakdishach," he needs to step outside, such as to use the restroom, then he does not first take three steps forward. He leaves, and returns to the spot where he was standing, and then takes three steps forward. If one prays privately, and thus "Nakdishach" is not being recited, then after he takes three steps back and recites "Oseh Shalom," he remains in place for the amount of time needed to walk four Amot – approximately 3-4 seconds – and then takes three steps forward, starting with his right foot. The Gemara strongly condemns one who takes three steps forward immediately, without pausing several seconds, as this shows that his three steps back were not taken out of respect and reverence. Ideally, before one begins the Amida, he should ensure that he has enough room to take three full steps – toe to heel – backwards after the Amida. However, the Ben Ish Hai writes, if one does not have enough room to take three full steps back, then he takes three smaller steps. Summary: After one completes the Amida, he takes three steps back, starting with his left foot, recites "Oseh Shalom," and remains in place with his feet together until "Nakdishach," at which point he takes three steps forward, starting with his right foot, for "Nakdishach." If he prays privately, he should wait 3-4 second and then take three steps forward. Ideally, before one begins the Amida, he should ensure that he has enough room to take three full steps – toe to heel – backwards after the Amida. However, if one does not have enough room to take three full steps back, he takes three smaller steps.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

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The Proper Way To Vocalize The Amidah

8 days ago

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** Which is the proper way to recite the Amida – silently, or audibly? The Shulchan Aruch writes (101) that when praying the Amida one must move his lips and enunciate the words; thinking the words in one's mind does not fulfill the obligation, as indicating in the verse describing the prayer of Chana, mother of the prophet Shemuel: "Only her lips were moving…" (Shemuel I 1:13). This ruling of the Shulchan Aruch is shared by all authorities. There is, however, disagreement among the authorities as to how loudly the Amida should be recited. The Shulchan Aruch rules that one should recite the Amida softly enough so that those standing near him will not hear his prayer, but loudly enough to allow him to hear his own prayer. Among the Kabbalists, however, we find different traditions in this regard. The Chid"a (Rabbi Chayim Yosef David Azulai, Israel, 1724-1806), in his work "Birkei Yosef" (a commentary to the Shulchan Aruch), records a tradition he heard in the name of students of the Arizal (famed Kabbalist, Israel, 1534-1572) that the Amida must be prayed silently. If one's prayer is even slightly audible, the "Chitzonim" (harmful spiritual forces) are capable of disrupting the prayer's efficacy and preventing it from reaching its destination. By contrast, the Siddur Beit Oveid (in Hilchot Tefila, 75), after recording these comments of the Chid"a, cites a ruling from the Kabbalist Mahari Seruk, a student of the Arizal, that one must pray loudly enough to hear his own prayer. Thus, different traditions exist as to the proper way to recite the Amida according to the Kabbalah. The Ben Ish Chai (Rabbi Yosef Chayim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), in his work "Od Yosef Chai" (Parashat Mishpatim, 3; listen to audio for precise citation), rules that the Halacha on this issue depends on the individual's ability to properly pronounce the words and concentrate on his prayer. One who feels that he can accurately enunciate the words and pray with concentration reciting the Amida inaudibly, then he should do so, in accordance with the tradition cited by the Chid"a. If, however, one suspects that he might swallow his words or experience difficulty concentrating unless he recites the Amida audibly, then he should follow the Shulchan Aruch's ruling and pray the Amida loudly enough to hear his words. The Ben Ish Chai adds that his father followed the practice to recite the Amida audibly. Chacham Ovadia Yosef, in his work Halichot Olam (vol. 1, p. 157), writes that the Halacha follows the position of the Shulchan Aruch, that the Amida should be recited audibly. This will enhance his concentration and ability to pronounce the words properly. Of course, those who recite the Amida audibly must ensure to recite it softly enough that only they – and nobody else in the synagogue – can hear their prayer. Summary: According to all authorities, one must recite the Amida with his lips, and not merely think the words in his mind. One should recite the Amida audibly, such that he – but nobody else – can hear his prayer. If he feels capable of properly enunciating the words and concentrating while praying silently, the Ben Ish Chai says to pray silently.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

1
Praying From a Mobile phone

9 days ago

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** A number of different applications are available providing the entire text of the Siddur of one's smartphone. Is it permissible to pray using such an application? The Gemara in Masechet Berachot (23) establishes that while praying the Amida, it is forbidden to hold in one's hand certain objects – such as Tefillin, a Sefer Torah, money, and a knife. We find among the commentators two explanations for this Halacha. Rashi explains that the items mentioned by the Gemara are items which one worries about falling, either because they are sacred items, because they might hurt him if they fall, or because they are expensive items which could break or get ruined if they fall. When holding such an item, one's mind is preoccupied, ensuring not to drop it, making it very difficult to concentrate, and for this reason, Rashi explains, Halacha forbids holding such items while praying. The Nimukeh Yosef (Rav Yosef Habiba, Spain, early 15th century) explains differently. In his view, the Gemara chose these examples only because these are common items, and in truth, Halacha forbids holding anything in one's hand while praying the Amida. The Shulhan Aruch (Orah Haim 96) clearly follows Rashi's view, citing the Gemara's ruling and then explaining, "…because a person's mind is on them, so that they do not fall," and this will disrupt one's concentration during prayer. The Mishna Berura (Rav Yisrael Meir Ha'kohen of Radin, 1839-1933) clarifies that according to the Shulhan Aruch, only items which one is worried about protecting, or to ensure that they would not fall on his feet, are included in this Halacha. This would include a baby, who one quite obviously must ensure not to drop, as the Mishna Berura cites from the Hida (Rav Haim David Azulai, 1724-1806). The Mishna Berura then notes that some disagree with the Shulhan Aruch, and forbid holding any item during the Amida, referring, of course, to the Nimukeh Yosef's stringent opinion. The Taz (Rav David Segal, 1586-1667) follows the stringent view of the Nimukeh Yosef. It should be noted that the Shulhan Aruch Ha'Rav (Rav Schneur Zalman of Liadi, 1745-1813) maintained that even according to the Shulhan Aruch's view, there is a Misva Min Ha'mubhar (higher standard of Misva observance) not to hold anything at all during the Amida. At first glance, holding a phone which is worth hundreds of dollars, and which could break if it is dropped, would certainly be forbidden according to both opinions. However, the Shulhan Aruch writes in that same chapter that it is permissible while reciting the Amida to hold a Siddur from which one prays, despite the fact that sacred books are generally forbidden to be held during the Amida. Since the Siddur is held for the purpose of Tefila, it does not fall under the prohibition. Holding the Siddur serves to enhance one's ability to pray, rather than compromise his ability to pray, and therefore, this is permissible. This would apply to a smartphone, as well. If one uses the Siddur application on the device, then the device becomes no different from a Siddur, which may be held while reciting the Amida. (Of course, this does not satisfy the "Misva Min Ha'mubhar" not to hold anything during the Amida, as understood by the Shulhan Aruch Ha'Rav, but one who does not know the prayer text from memory must in any event hold a Siddur and thus cannot abide by this standard.) However, this applies on the condition that one first turns off all notifications, and silences the phone. Needless to say, if the phone rings, or if a notification appears on the screen, even for just a moment, this causes a distraction during prayer. Therefore, one must ensure before praying with a smartphone that he disables all functions which could potentially distract him during the Tefila, so that the smartphone at that time serves only as a Siddur. Additionally, although it is permissible to pray from a mobile phone, this should not be done unless it is necessary. Firstly, Rav Gamliel Rabinowitz (contemporary) cites a passage from the Sefer Hasidim warning that one's prayers are not answered if he prays from a Siddur which was published by a wicked person. Quite obviously, we do not know the people who produced any given mobile device. Although this is not a Halachic consideration which would lead us to forbid the use of a mobile device for praying, it suffices to make it preferable to use a standard Siddur. More importantly, using a mobile phone during prayer compromises the aura of sanctity in the synagogue. There is a certain ambiance of holiness and reverence which must characterize a house of prayer, and this ambiance is diminished, at least to some degree, by the sight of a person looking at his phone. Therefore, while it is Halachically permissible to use such a device for prayer, this should be done only when one has no alternative, when he finds himself in a place without a Siddur and he does not know the prayer text from memory. In conclusion, it is worth nothing the famous Halachic dictum, "En Kategor Na'asa Sanigor" – "a prosecutor cannot become a defender." This principle has certain applications for the service on the High Holidays, forbidding the use of certain things which are associated with sins which our nation has committed. But it might also be relevant to the question of using a smartphone for prayer. If one uses his phone for improper activities, such as wasting time, or worse, then it is a "prosecutor" against him, Heaven forbid, which cannot then be used as his "defender" in helping him pray to G-d and ask for His compassion and assistance. Summary: It is Halachically permissible to pray from a Siddur application on one's mobile phone, as long as one disables calls, notifications and all features which could disrupt his prayer. However, it is far preferable to use a Siddur, and a phone should be used only when a Siddur is not available.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

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Laws of the Daily Viduy (Confessional)

10 days ago

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** The widespread custom among all Sephardic communities is to recite "Viduy," or confession, immediately following the Amida both at Shaharit and at Minha. This custom is based upon passages in the Zohar (the principal text of Kabbala) and the writings of the Arizal (Rabbi Yishak Luria, 1534-1572). We introduce "Viduy" with the recitation of "Ana Hashem Elokenu V'Elokeh Abotenu…" After "Viduy," we proceed to the recitation of the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy ("Hashem, Hashem…") and Nefilat Apayim ("Le'David…"). The Arizal instructed that the "Viduy" should be recited according to the sequence of the Hebrew alphabet. We thus begin with "Ashamnu" – a word that starts with the letter "Alef" – followed by "Bagadnu," and so on. When we come to the letters that take on a different form when appearing at the end of a word ("Kaf," "Mem," "Nun," "Peh" and "Sadi"), we recite two words with that letter. Thus, for example, for "Kaf" we recite "Kizabnu" and "Ka'asnu," and for the letter "Mem" we recite "Maradnu" and "Marinu Debarecha." This was the position of the Arizal, and the custom in Yeshivat Bet El, as documented by the Ben Ish Hai (Rabbi Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), in Parashat Ki-Tisa. The entire confessional text in recited in plural form. For example, we recite "Ashamnu" ("We bear guilt"), as opposed to "Ashamti" ("I bear guilt"), and so on. The Sha'ar Hakavanot writes that one must recite the entire "Viduy" even if he knows with certainty that he has not transgressed one or several of the violations enumerated in the "Viduy" text. It is possible that he has transgressed the given violation in a previous Gilgul (incarnation of the soul), or that a person whose soul is connected to his soul is guilty of that transgression. He may have also unwittingly caused others to violate the sin, or perhaps violated a sin resembling the transgression in question. For all these reasons, one should not skip any part of the "Viduy" even if he thinks he has not violated one of the sins mentioned. "Viduy" must be recited while standing (Masechet Yoma 87). During the "Viduy" recitation, one may not lean on a wall or piece of furniture in a manner such that he would fall if that object would be suddenly moved. While reciting the list of sins ("Ashamnu…"), one should bow slightly as an expression of humble submission. It is customary for both the Hazan and the congregation to recite "Viduy" in a whisper, rather than in a loud, audible voice. Even a person praying privately, who does not recite the Thirteen Attributes, recites "Ana" and the "Viduy." If a person who had already recited "Viduy" happens to be present in a synagogue when the congregation recites "Viduy," he is not required to join them, though it is proper for him to recite the words, "Hatati Aviti Pashati" while they recite "Viduy." One may recite "Viduy" during the nighttime hours, except on Mosa'eh Shabbat, until Hasot (midnight as defined by Halacha). In fact, according to Kabbalistic teaching, one should recite "Viduy" before he goes to sleep, along with his recitation of the bedtime Shema. The Kaf Ha'haim (Rabbi Yaakov Haim Sofer, Baghdad-Israel, 1870-1939) cites this custom (in 239:2) in the name of the Arizal. It is customary, however, not to recite "Viduy" with the bedtime Shema on a night following a day when Nefilat Apayim is omitted. Thus, for example, on the night following Shabbat, Rosh Hodesh or holidays, one should not recite "Viduy" with the bedtime Shema. The Ben Ish Hai mentions this Halacha in Parashat Ki Tisa (7). This discussion relates only to the recitation of "Viduy," and not to the Thirteen Attributes or Nefilat Apayim, which one should not recite at nighttime. Needless to say, "Viduy" should not be recited on Shabbat or holidays.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

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Halachot Relevant to Reciting the Verse “Hashem Melech”

11 days ago

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** The Ben Ish Hai (Rabbi Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), in Parashat Vayigash (1; listen to audio recording for precise citation), discusses the laws pertaining to the recitation of the verse, "Hashem Melech" in the prayer service. He writes that whenever we recite this verse, we recite it twice. This verse expresses our acceptance of God as King over us, and we recite it twice to emphasize that we accept the Almighty's kingship over both our bodies and our souls. (The Ben Ish Hai cites a passage from the Zohar as the source for this Halacha.) Precedent for this practice is found in the Book of Melachim I (18:39), where we read that Beneh Yisrael declared their loyalty to God by declaring, "Hashem Hu Ha'Elokim Hashem Hu Ha'Elokim" ("Hashem is God, Hashem is God"). Just as Beneh Yisrael repeated this declaration, so must we repeat "Hashem Melech" in order to express our commitment of both body and soul to the Almighty. The Ben Ish Hai further writes that one must stand while reciting "Hashem Melech." In fact, even if one is reciting Shema or another part of the prayer service when the congregation recites "Hashem Melech," he should stand for the recitation. One should not, however, interrupt his prayer to join in the recitation of "Hashem Melech." He simply stands together with the congregation. This applies even if one recites a part of the prayer service where Halacha allows interruptions, such as the Akeda or the Korbanot. Although he must stand together with the congregation, he should not interrupt his recitation to recite "Hashem Melech." Certainly, however, if one is not in the middle of prayer, but is rather learning or just sitting in the synagogue, he should stand and join in the recitation of "Hashem Melech." This applies also to the recitation of "Hashem Melech" during the Selihot service. The exception to this rule, the Ben Ish Hai writes, is the recitation of "Hashem Melech" during Hakafot on Simhat Torah. As that recitation is merely a Minhag (custom), and not required according to the strict Halacha, one who is in the synagogue during Hakafot and hears "Hashem Melech" is not required to stand or join in the recitation. Finally, the Ben Ish Hai writes that an adult must lead the recitation of "Hashem Melech." In congregations where minors are invited to lead the Pesukeh De'zimra service, an adult must replace the minor for the recitation of "Hashem Melech." The Ben Ish Hai emphasizes that congregations in which minors are allowed to lead the recitation of "Hashem Melech" must change their practice and see to it that specifically an adult leads this important part of the prayer service. Summary: When we recite "Hashem Melech" in the prayer service, we recite it twice, and we stand for this recitation. If one hears the congregation reciting "Hashem Melech" while he prays a different part of the service, he should rise with the congregation, though he should not interrupt his prayer. Minors should not be allowed to lead the recitation of "Hashem Melech," even in congregations which allow minors to lead the Pesukeh De'zimra service.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

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The Sephardic Custom to Gesture With One’s Hands Before the Amida

12 days ago

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** There is a prevalent custom among the Sepharadim to gesture with one's hands to the right and to the left before beginning the Amida prayer. The custom is to gesture three times to the individual standing to one's right, and then three times to the person to the left. The Ben Ish Hai (Rabbi Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909) records this custom in Parashat Beshalah and writes that this is done for reasons based on Kabbalistic teachings. Additionally, however, the Ben Ish Hai provides a reason on the level of "Peshat" (the simple, straightforward understanding). We describe in the prayer service the procedure by which the angels in heaven praise God, and how the angels would receive permission from one another before beginning the praise, so that the praise would be recited in unison ("Ve'notenim Reshut Ze La'ze"). As we begin our prayer service, we seek to resemble the heavenly angels, and we therefore turn to those standing next to us as though asking permission to begin our prayer, just as the angels do before beginning their praise of God. Rav Haim Palachi (Turkey, 1788-1869), in his Kaf Ha'haim, suggests a slightly different explanation. Just before the Amida service in Shaharit and Arbit, we recall the miracle of the splitting of the sea, and the song of praise sung by Beneh Yisrael after the miracle. We emphasize the fact that the entire nation sang this song of praise in unison ("Yahad Kulam Hodu Ve'himlichu…"). At Minha, too, we recite just before the Amida the verse, "Vi'barech Kol Basar Shem Kodsho" ("All flesh shall bless His holy Name" – Tehilim 145:21), emphasizing the fact that all people join together in praising God. We therefore turn to each other before beginning the Amida as an expression of this theme of joint, collective praise for the Almighty. It should be noted that during Minha and Arbit, these gestures should be made not immediately before the Amida, but rather during the Kaddish, as one answers "Yeheh Shemeh Rabba Mebarach…" This is as opposed to Shaharit, when one should make the gestures just before he begins the Amida prayer. Hacham Ovadia Yosef, in his Halichot Olam, writes that when gesturing during "Yeheh Shemeh Rabba" one must ensure not to become so preoccupied with gesturing that he does not properly concentrate on what he says. Even while gesturing, one should make a point to concentrate on the words of "Yeheh Shemeh Rabba…" Summary: The Sephardic custom is to gesture with one's hands three times to the right and then three times to the left before beginning the Amida. At Shaharit, this is done just before one begins the Amida, and during Minha and Arbit one gestures while reciting "Yeheh Shemeh Rabba" during the Kaddish before the Amida.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

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Purim-Halachot for Purim Day

14 days ago

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** On Purim morning, one should make an effort to wake up extra early and recite Tehilim. This is based on the Hida (Rav Haim Yosef David Azulai, 1724-1807), who writes in his "Devash L'fi" that there are five special days during the year that one should arise at "Hashkama"-extra early: Tisha B'ab, Shabuot, Rosh Hashana, Hoshana Rabba and Purim. He says that this is alluded to in the word "AVRaHaM" in the verse "Vayashkem AVRraHaM BaBoker"-Avraham arose early in the morning. The letter "Aleph" of Avraham, hints to "Echa" which is read on Tisha B'ab; the "Vet" refers to Shabuot on which the Torah was given, and the Torah begins with the letter "Bet;" the "Resh" refers to Rosh Hashana; the "Heh" alludes to Hoshana Rabbah; and the "Mem" hints to the Megillah of Purim. *** The special Tefila of "Al Hanisim" is inserted into the Amidah of Purim. If one forgot to do so, he does not have to go back and repeat the Amidah. Nevertheless, it is preferable to recite the "Al Hanisim" at the expense of prolonging his Amidah and missing the Kedusha with the Sibbur, than to skip it and finish earlier. *** The Torah reading for Purim is "VaYavo Amalek," in Parshat B'shalach. Since it only has nine verses, the accepted custom is to read the last verse twice to complete the requisite ten verses need for a public Torah reading. It is important for everyone to hear this Parasha. Those who missed hearing Parashat Zachor can fulfill the Misva with this reading, if they have intent to do so. The Kaf HaHaim (Rav Yaakob Haim Sofer, Baghdad-Israel, 1870-1939, Ch. 693:25) writes that if someone cannot attend Bet Knesset on Purim day, he should read this passage by himself at home with the Ta'amim (cantillation). After reading the Torah, the Tefila continues with "Ashreh" and the beginning of "Uva Lesion." The Megillah is read before the Pasuk "V'atah Kadosh." In the morning, "Shehecheyanu" is not recited on the Megillah, according to the practice of the Sepharadim. The Sefer Torah is kept out until after the Megillah is read, because the Megillah states, "LaYehudim Hayta Orah V'simcha, V'saon V'y'kar"-the Jews had light and joy and happiness and glory. The Gemara understands that Orah (light) refers to the light of the Torah. One should not take off his Tefilin before the completion of the Megillah, because the same verse says that the Jews had "Y'kar"-glory. The Gemara understands that it is referring to Tefilin. In fact, the custom is to kiss the Tefilin when that word is read. If there is a Brit Mila, some say that it is performed prior to the Megillah reading to correspond to a word in that same Pasuk "Sason"-joy, which the Hachamim understand to be Brit Mila. However, the accepted practice is to conduct the Mila after Shaharit. *** There is no obligation to recite Hallel on Purim. One reason for this is that the reading of the Megillah, which tells the story of the miraculous events, takes the place of Hallel. Therefore, if one cannot hear the Megillah, there are Poskim who hold that he should recite the complete Hallel. This should be done without a Beracha, as there is a difference of opinion on the matter. After the Shir Shel Yom (Psalm of the Day), the Mizmor (Tehilim 22) "Al Ayelet Hashachar" is added. Esther was referred to as "Ayelet Hashachar," and this was the prayer she offered upon approaching the King's private chamber. *** It is prohibited to eat even a small amount before hearing the Megillah on Purim morning, even if one has already prayed. Therefore, one should insure that his wife and children hear the Megillah promptly, so that they can eat. *** Immediately after Shaharit, the Matanot LaEvyonim are distributed. Performing this Misva early is not only a fulfillment of "Zerizim Makdimim L'Misvot," but it also enables the recipients to use the money to buy what they lack for the holiday. *** The Shulhan Aruch rules that the Beracha of Shehecheyanu is not recited before reading the Megillah in the morning. This applies even if one did not fulfill the Misva of Megillah the previous night. One should have in mind to include the other Misvot when he hears the Beracha at night. *** The Hida (Lev David, Ch. 30) brings a custom for both men and women to light two candles in honor of Mordechai and Esther on Purim. After lighting the candles, one should give Sedaka and offer heartfelt prayers and requests in their merit. There is a widespread custom to don costumes on Purim. The Hida mentions this specifically regarding the Seudah. The Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909, Ateret Tiferet) brings a custom for women to adorn themselves with their fanciest jewelry, even more than Shabbat and Yom Tov. This custom has its origins in the Kabbalah. This should only be done within the confines of her own home and not to go out publicly, so as not to breach the standards of modesty.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

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The Meaning and Halachot of Ta’anit Ester

15 days ago

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**Today's Halacha is dedicated f or the refuah and haslacha of Ronnie, Sharon, Eli and all the children of CARE** The thirteenth of Adar – the day before Purim – is observed as a fast called Ta'anit Ester. This fast commemorates the fast that the Jews observed during the time of Mordechai and Ester on the day they waged war to defend themselves against those in the Persian Empire who sought to annihilate them. By commemorating that fast, we remind ourselves that God listens to our prayers and accepts our repentance during times of distress and saves us from calamity. The Maggid (angel) who taught Torah to Rabbi Yosef Karo revealed to him another aspect of Ta'anit Ester. Our indulgence in food, drink and merriment on Purim could potentially lead us to sin. We therefore observe a fast day which is a Segula against sin, to help ensure that the Satan will not have the power to cause us to sin during the Purim festivities. Ta'anit Ester is thus a crucial part of the Purim celebration, as it helps guarantee that our observance will be pure. Furthermore, by observing a fast before Purim we demonstrate that we eat and drink on Purim not to satisfy our physical drives, but rather for the sacred purpose of fulfilling God's will. The work Kav Ha'yashar (chapter 99; listen to audio recording for precise citation) writes that the day of Ta'anit Ester is an especially auspicious time for our prayers to gain acceptance in the merit of Ester and Mordechai. The Kav Ha'yashar therefore advises those in need of divine compassion to set aside some time on Ta'anit Ester and recite the 22nd chapter of Tehillim ("Lamenase'ah Al Ayelet Ha'shahar"), followed by a prayer for whatever it is that they need. In this prayer one should explicitly invoke the merit of Mordechai and Ester. Ta'anit Ester has been accepted by the Jewish people as an obligatory fast day, and, as such, one does not have to declare a formal acceptance the previous day. Although some people have the practice to refrain from bathing on a public fast day (as mentioned by the Mishna Berura, in the laws of Ta'anit Sibur), all agree that bathing is allowed on Ta'anit Ester. Since Ta'anit Ester does not commemorate any tragic event and is not observed in response to a dangerous situation, it is not an unhappy day, and bathing is entirely permissible according to all views. The fast begins at Amud Ha'shahar, or approximately 72 minutes before sunrise, and it concludes at Set Ha'kochavim, which occurs anywhere from 20 to 40 minutes after sunset (one should consult with his Rabbi for personal guidance in this regard). In truth, the precise time of Set Ha'kochavim with regard to Ta'anit Ester is generally irrelevant, since the fast in any event is observed until after the nighttime Megila reading, which ends after the latest possible time for Set Ha'kochavim. According to the Shulhan Aruch, it is permissible to stipulate before going to sleep the night before Ta'anit Ester that one wishes to eat and drink before the onset of the fast. This stipulation must be made verbally, and one cannot rely on a stipulation made before a previous fast day. But if a verbal declaration is made before one goes to sleep, one may, according to the Shulhan Aruch, eat and drink if he wakes up before Amud Ha'shahar. The Arizal (Rabbi Yishak Luria of Safed, 1534-1572), however, based on the Zohar, maintained that once one goes to sleep the night before a fast, he may no longer eat, even if he made a verbal stipulation. He may, however, drink, even according to the Arizal's view. Therefore, it is certainly permissible to wake up early before the fast begins to drink a cup of coffee, for example, as long as one made a verbal declaration before he went to sleep. One who is not well, or feels that he will be unable to complete the fast if he does not eat in the morning before the fast begins, may rely on the Shulhan Aruch's ruling and make a stipulation before going to sleep. The Ben Ish Hai (Rav Yosef Haim of Baghdad, 1833-1909), in Ateret Tiferet (198), writes that it is proper to immerse thirteen times on any fast day and in times of crisis. These thirteen immersions correspond to the thirteen divine attributes of mercy. If possible, one should recite the corresponding attribute each time he immerses, while he is in the water. (Obviously, this assumes that the conditions allow for reciting matters of sanctity.) Summary: Ta'anit Ester is a very meaningful occasion and an auspicious time for having one's prayers answered. The fast begins 72 minutes before sunrise, and ends after the nighttime Megila reading. If necessary, one may verbally stipulate before going to sleep the night before the fast that he plans on eating and drinking before the fast begins. Preferably, though, this stipulation should be made only for drinking, but not for eating. It is permissible to bathe on Ta'anit Ester, even according to the custom to refrain from bathing on other fasts. There is a custom to immerse thirteen times in a Mikveh on every fast day.…

Daily Halacha Podcast - Daily Halacha By Rabbi Eli J. Mansour

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Fulfilling Matanot La’ebyonim on Purim by Foregoing on a Loan, Paying a Poor Person’s Debt, or Writing a Check

16 days ago