Approach to Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose

PICU Doc On Call

Show Introduction

• Welcome to PICU Doc On Call, a podcast dedicated to current and aspiring intensivists.
• Hosted by Dr. Pradip Kamat and Dr. Rahul Damania

Case Presentation

• A 14-year-old female with a history of depression and oppositional defiant disorder presents with dizziness, slurring speech, and is pale appearance.
• The mother noticed symptoms of dizziness, stumbling, and sleepiness.
• The patient had a prior suicide attempt.
• Vital signs: HR 50 bpm, BP 75/40, GCS 10.
• The initial workup reveals hyperglycemia, and she is stabilized and admitted to the PICU.

Key Aspects of Ingestion Work-up

• History and physical exam are crucial.
• Stratify acute or chronic ingestions.
• Consider baseline medications and coingestants.
• Perform initial screening examination to identify immediate measures for stabilization.

Diagnostic Studies

• Pulse oximetry, continuous cardiac monitoring, ECG, capillary glucose measurement.
• Serum acetaminophen, ASA levels
• Consider extended toxicology screen.

Differentiating CCB vs. Beta-Blocker Overdose

• ECG findings: PR interval prolongation and Bradydysrhythmia suggest CCB poisoning.
• Hyperglycemia in non-diabetic patients may indicate CCB overdose

Approach to CCB Overdose

• Initial resuscitation and stabilization
• ABC approach
• Consult Poison Control Center
• Empiric use of glucagon, IV fluids, and vasopressors
• Consideration of orogastric lavage and activated charcoal

Specific Medical Therapies

• Vasopressors: norepinephrine/epinephrine infusion
• Atropine for bradycardia
• IV calcium salts to overcome cardiovascular effects
• High-dose insulin and dextrose for myocardial function
• Investigational therapies: methylene blue, lipid emulsion

Procedures

• Transvenous pacemaker placement if needed
• ECMO in refractory hypotension

Key Takeaways

• Hypotension and bradycardia indicate life-threatening toxidromes.
• Differential includes CCB, BB, digoxin, clonidine, and CNS depressants.
• Stepwise approach includes close monitoring of ABCs and specific medical therapies.

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References

• Fuhrman & Zimmerman - Textbook of Pediatric Critical Care Chapter 125 and 126.
• St-Onge M et al. Treatment for calcium channel blocker poisoning: a systematic review.
• DeRoos F. Calcium channel blockers. In: Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 8th edition.