Teaching is a personal profession. We shine brightest when we work together in a safe environment for the betterment of our students. Two Pint PLC is a podcast that invites you to join two educators who discuss the big issues in education in a personal and casual conversation. Two Pint PLC combines the research base, current events and personal experiences to provide a context for each listener’s own professional development.
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093 The Artificial Intelligence (AI) Episode
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This month is our official “AI episode.” We are joined by Ben Riley, who wrote a guide for considering the use of AI for education. Our discussion considers the tasks for which AI might be useful, and the multiple concerns we have for its use as a substitute for thinking.Later, we read a study that shows AI can help people produce incrementally mor…
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092 Teaching Statistics & Fostering Creativity
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Effective statistics instruction - like many other disciplines - should empower students to ask questions and interrogate data to answer questions. We look at research evaluating the impact of an inquiry-focused statistics curriculum that showed very large gains for student learning by emphasizing statistical practice rather than mathematical routi…
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We start Season 8 in a tempestuous election cycle in the United States. We are joined by guest host Chris Carter to discuss an approach to civic education in today’s political landscape, with a focus on grounded discussions based on essential anchor questions.Later, we look at the absence of state standards for media literacy in the US. Their resea…
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We review the most noteworthy papers of the past year, developments in our practice, and the top beers of AY23-24.By Laurence Woodruff & Michael Ralph
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089 Curriculum Sensemaking & Behavior Grading
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Many curriculum decisions are made at the district-level, but each classroom teacher must figure out how to implement those decisions for themselves. We read a study showing how “philosophical fidelity” is far more important than “mechanical fidelity” to the success of district efforts to improve instruction.Later, we read a study of required behav…
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It can feel like people in disagreement just aren’t listening to each other. We read a study showing disagreement significantly reduces our perceptions of being listened to, regardless of how well our audience does listen. We discuss takeaways for exhibiting active listening behaviors that reduce the effect.Later, we read a review of research on ap…
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Practice is more effective when we space it out, rather than doing lots of repetitions all at once. We read research that looked at the effect of varied practice compared to identical practice over time. Their results show subtle variation helps students focus and remember the important elements upon recall.Later, we read an account of the negative…
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086 PBL Effects & Mindfulness Introspection
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Project-Based Learning is a thoroughly researched method of instruction with many benefits. We read a meta-analysis looking specifically at how PBL affects student motivation, and saw data illustrating just how important an excellent project prompt is to project success.Later, we read a study showing neurofeedback devices can increase the accuracy …
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085 Academic Anxiety & Principal Leadership
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More schools are looking to address the socio-emotional needs of students, and a key area for that work is helping students manage anxiety in the classroom. We look at a study showing how some accommodations may be reinforcing their anxiety, and how teachers can help students develop healthier strategies for managing it.Later, we read a study of pr…
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Field trips to the theater can be memorable opportunities for students to engage in community-based performing arts. Dr. Goldstein joins us to talk about how even a single theater experience can have an impact on socio-emotional outcomes like empathy and perspective-taking for students.Later, we discuss the intersection of cognitive load theory and…
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083 Underachievement & Artificial Intelligence
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Student underachievement occurs when students’ day-to-day class performance is lower than their test scores predict it should be. We read a review of research that shows the causes of underachievement can vary widely. Still, it gives teachers some useful starting points when trying to help a student reach their full potential.Later, we discuss some…
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082 Stimulus Complexity & Student Caregiving
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This month is a collaborative episode with the hosts of the School Spirits podcast. We read a study of pigeon working memory that indicates complex visuals activate substantially more of our brains than simple ones, which can help with memory and processing of information.Later, we discuss new data that shows how common caregiving responsibilities …
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081 Instructional Agency & Bilingual Math
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Researchers measured the impact of student-directed project weeks on their sense of motivation over the course of a school year. We reflect on the importance of consistently prioritizing learner agency throughout the year, rather than sequestering it to a single week of freedom.Later, we read a review of research on learning math in bilingual setti…
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This month we talk with Dr. Elisabeth Tipton about the research support for growth mindset interventions, and the flaws in last month’s meta-analysis. Together we consider how growth mindset should be part of a more comprehensive approach to helping students improve.Later, we read how listening to music reduces our ability to use our working memory…
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079 Meta-Analyses: Co-Teaching & Growth Mindset
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A meta-analysis of co-teaching showed that it benefits students to have more than one adult in the classroom, regardless of the specifics. We reflect on what it could mean to successfully build a co-teaching classroom based on trust among the teachers and students.Later, we read another meta-analysis that is sharply critical of the current research…
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This month we reflect on our year of reading scholarship and growing as humans. First we’ll return to the segments we felt had the greatest impact on our practice and our thinking from the research we read.Later, we’ll reflect specifically on our praxis. We share some of the changes we’re making in our classroom and in our study that is moving us t…
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Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is a framework being adopted by many schools, and some claim it can integrate trauma-informed pedagogies. However, we read scholarship that shows how PBIS is fundamentally incompatible with trauma-informed education.Later, we discuss a large-scale reciprocal reading study with significant impact…
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076 Standards - Based Instruction & Belonging Interventions
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Many schools have adopted new instructional standards in recent years, but some schools have struggled in helping teachers align their instruction. We talk with author Morgan Polikoff about his team’s work studying why flexible specificity is so important for success.Later, we look at a very large study of a belonging intervention that helps studen…
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Feedback is an essential component of professional growth, and teacher evaluation has changed in most places across the US over the last 15 years. What do we actually know about how those changes impacted school performance?Later, we read a study that showed retrieval practice is only beneficial when we have working memory resources to devote to th…
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Universal Design for Learning represents a framework that can impact every part of the school. We read research looking at how UDL can contribute to more effective MTSS Tier 1 interventions… if teachers have an accurate understanding of UDL.Later, we look at an eye-tracking study to examine how students process feedback differently. The authors dis…
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This month we are joined by two authors of a piece on constraints that fuel creativity. They share how limits on our writing help us focus on new parts of the writing process and make interesting connections along the way.Later, we read about how errors are essential to the learning process and what we as teachers can do to make more productive use…
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This month we look at professional development. A fresh framework for PD lays out how we need to consider teacher learning in-context, with definite answers to the “for whom” and “when” when discussing whether something works.Later, we look at norms for co-teaching by examining the role of a mentor teacher while a student teacher works with student…
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071 Extended Research With Youki Terada
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This month we are joined again by guest Youki Terada to discuss his 2022 education research roundup. His team at Edutopia has curated their 10 top studies of the year - from retrieval practice to play-based learning - and we discuss every last one of them in a marathon episode.By Laurence Woodruff & Michael Ralph
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070 Critical Ignoring & Reverse Engineering
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Digital literacy skills are important for teachers to consider across many teaching contexts. We read about how critical ignoring should be part of what we are teaching to help students manage the information overload of today’s digital landscape.Later, we read a classroom study of how reverse engineering can help students get more out of their fir…
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069 Self-Regulation & Pedagogy Of Enactment
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This month we read a robust, experimental study on teaching self-regulation and the increasing benefits to students over time. They learn more AND close a key achievement gap.Later, we read about a pedagogy of enactment - how to learn about teaching through teaching. It underscores the many ways we improve through practice.…
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The theories about teaching students according to learning styles have been debunked in research, but the idea has been difficult to interrupt in practice. We read a new paper focused on helping teachers move on from old thinking related to learning styles with more productive contemporary research.Later, we look at a listener recommendation focuse…
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067 Teacher Shortage & Homework Inequality
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Staffing challenges in districts across the United States are fueling a narrative of a nationwide teacher shortage. However, Paul Bruno joins us to talk about his recent work showing there may not be a national shortage… or national anything.Later, we read a paper showing some of the inequitable impacts of math homework, and the persistence of a me…
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This month we reflect on our year of reading scholarship and growing as humans. First we’ll return to the segments we felt had the greatest impact on our practice and our thinking from the research we read.Later, we’ll reflect specifically on our praxis. We share some of the changes we’re making in our classroom and in our study that is moving us t…
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As the summer of 2022 wanes, we will spend some time looking at the bigger picture of how education has been affected by COVID-19 these past few years. We read reviews of the current research on COVID impacts on mental health and academic outcomes, with thoughts on how it may impact our prep for the coming year.Later, we react to a review of resear…
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064 Evaluative Mindsets & Sociopolitical Consciousness
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Why are people so influenced by false information, even when they know better? We are joined by researcher Nikita Antonia Salovich to discuss her recent work on evaluative mindsets, and how we can apply on-going work to how we handle information in the classroom.Later, we discuss Culturally Responsive Science Teaching - and how teachers can better …
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063 Writing Achievement & Cultural Socialization
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When professional development programs conflict with overemphasis on test scores, teachers face a precarious tension between their growth and the ever present threat of dubious evaluations. We read about an effort to sustain professional development in writing instruction amid a high-stakes testing environment.Later, we look at the correlation betw…
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062 Cognitive Effort & Professional Learning
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The routines, rewards, and incentives we use in the classroom can help students build productive habits they use throughout their lives. We read about a series of studies that found how rewarding cognitive effort can lead to greater intrinsic motivation for participants… even after the rewards. We think about how this could apply in classrooms.Late…
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Retrieval practice has a ton of research support, but we’re still figuring out the when and how of its effective use in instruction. We read a series of studies comparing the impacts of post-testing and pre-testing on measures of learning, with the results showing tremendous power in pre-tests.Later, we read a study showing how local poems and song…
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Technology has taken a prominent position in many schools as we have taught these past few years, yet we need to look at who is using what technological tools… and why? We read how technology manifests and reproduces categorical inequalities in education, with some lessons on how to disrupt those means of sorting students.Later, we read an article …
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Universal Design for Learning is an exciting framework to improve accessibility of instruction. However, Dr. Guy Boysen joins us to discuss his critiques of the existing research to support UDL and how future work could improve confidence among scholars.Later, Lali DeRosier returns to the show to share a paper on science discourse in urban classroo…
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058 Habits Of Mind & Scaffolded Argumentation
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All learning is brain-based, which means taking care of our brain is part of a good education. We read a scoping review to look at some examples of how healthy habits can impact learning, motivation, and mental wellness.Later, we read a study that compared the efficacy of student argumentation when approached collaboratively or adversarially. The r…
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Students need feedback on their work in order to improve, but what is the impact of different approaches to giving that feedback? We read a study of how students perceive the feedback they get, and how it impacts their motivation and vitality. We see the applications for helping students boost their sense of competency.Later, we read a teacher-writ…
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056 Indigenous Erasure & Teacher Responsiveness
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State standards set the expectations for what teachers teach in the classroom, but we should continue to examine who is represented in those standards… and who is erased? We read a study of state civics standards to analyze where Indigenous nations are represented. We learned from these examples to see how to explicitly include Indigenous nations i…
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055 Mental Health & Multilingual Literacy
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Starting another school year with pandemic concerns rising again, it’s important to address student mental wellness as a classroom goal. We read a national survey that asked students how they feel about school, both at the moment and as they remember it. The results give us concrete opportunities to support student wellness this fall.Later, we read…
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This month we reflect on our year of reading scholarship and growing as humans. First we’ll return to the segments we felt had the greatest impact on our practice and our thinking from the research we read.Later, we’ll reflect specifically on our praxis. We share some of the changes we’re making in our classroom and in our study that is moving us t…
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This month we are talking about race, and read a series of papers looking at the experience of Black students in US education.First, we read an article that examined the story of “The Space Traders” as a starting point for imagining what it looks like to create Black Education Spaces for students to express fugitivity and create racial counterspace…
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052 Socio - Emotional Screening & Teacher Expressions
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Student social, emotional, and behavior development will be a critical consideration for teachers returning to physical classrooms in the fall. We read a national study examining the various methods schools use to screen students for social, emotional, and behavioral needs. Universal screening is still rare in the US, but its impacts are considerab…
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051 Retrieval Practice & Metacognition Translation
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This month we are thinking… about thinking. We read a review of the applied research on retrieval practice, which recognizes the difference between “learning” something and “knowing” something. We reflect on the ways this has played out in our classrooms, and what we can learn from recent studies for how to improve our use of the technique.Later, w…
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Standardized testing is happening again this year. Researchers are talking about how to use the data more responsibly. We read an advising memo that describes some of the common problems with comparing testing data from this year to past years, so we can properly recognize the progress students have made this year.Later, we discuss several studies …
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049 Multimedia Models & Administrative Dysfunction
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Images and animations offer tools to visualize our content, but must strike a balance between ease-of-use and ability to prompt thinking. We read a study that tested the impact of prior knowledge and multimedia format on learning outcomes.Later, we read a case study about an administrator navigating a toxic district culture. Guest Jenn Binis joins …
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Gamification offers a fresh take on teaching design that offers increased engagement and improved learning. However, research to-date has been unclear about what components of gamification work. We read a meta-analysis that searches for which pieces of gamification can benefit your students.Later, we turned to a study of how research is interpreted…
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047 Epistemic Disobedience & Neuroscience Motivation
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047 Epistemic Disobedience & Neuroscience Motivation by Laurence Woodruff & Michael RalphBy Laurence Woodruff & Michael Ralph
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046 Nature Of Science & Malleable Self - Concept
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Science communication has been turned upside down by the explosion of popularity of social media platforms. We read a reconceptualization of nature-of-science education for the social media age. What is our job as teachers, of any content area, to prepare our students to be responsible consumers of science as citizens?Later, we turned to the role o…
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045 Differentiated Numeracy & Goal Consensus
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The importance of mathematical reasoning is visible in conversations from pandemics to politics. Sarah Dolence joins us to discuss how a numeracy framework developed for citizens can inform math instruction for students.Later, we read research connecting instructional choices to student perceptions of classroom goal structures. From tasks to evalua…
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044 Student Teaching And Scripted Curricula
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The future of teaching depends on training future educators, but pairing student teachers with effective veterans can be challenging. New research allays some fears from veteran teachers by showing that taking a student teacher does not negatively impact classroom outcomes.Later, we explore a critique of scripted curricula that shows their inconsis…
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