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This podcast is for people with Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS), their caregivers, and allies. It's a space to offer awareness, information, support and hope. CBS is a condition that causes visual hallucinations in people who are blind or visually impaired. Hosts Shaimond Foye and Eva Potts interview people with CBS, their caregivers, ambassadors, PhDs, and medical professionals. The hosts and guests share their insights and research as we all work together to make a positive difference in the ...
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The External Medicine Podcast

The External Medicine Podcast

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The External Medicine Podcast is a podcast exploring some of the most exciting ideas in medicine. Resident physicians Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview physicians, scientists, and outside-the-box thinkers for evidence-based, practice-changing knowledge. The podcast focuses on diverse topics not typically covered in medical education, including medical transhumanism.
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In this episode, Shaimond interviews Vicky Hamilton, a PhD candidate performing research on Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) at Griffith University, Queensland College of Art and Design in Brisbane, Australia. Hamilton shares her journey with CBS. Utilizing art and digital technology, Hamilton's research focuses on recreating the visions experienced b…
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In this episode, Shaimond interviews Megan Chapman, an occupational therapist specializing in low vision, from Low Vision Works in Sarasota, Florida. They discuss the role of occupational therapy in helping individuals with low vision, including those suffering from Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS). Chapman explains the broad scope of occupational the…
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In this episode, Shaimond and guest co-host Dr. Gary Cusick interview graphic novelist and researcher Gareth Brookes. Brookes discusses his graphic novel, “A Thousand Coloured Castles” which features a main character with Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS). Inspired by his grandmother's experiences with the condition, Brookes aims to raise awareness and…
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In this episode, Shaimond interviews Dr. Jasleen Jolly, Associate Professor in Vision and Eye Research at Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, England and Director of Jolly Vision Science. Dr. Jolly discusses her extensive work and research on Charles Bonnet Syndrome. She explains the misconceptions about the syndrome, its prevalence and highligh…
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In this episode, Shaimond interviews Scot Muirden, Director at Charles Bonnet Syndrome Foundation AU. He explains the mission of the Foundation, which includes providing direct services to those affected by CBS and raising awareness within the medical and healthcare sectors. The conversation covers the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to …
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In this episode, Shaimond interviews Robin Davies who is totally blind and shares his journey with Best disease and Charles Bonnet Syndrome. The episode emphasizes resilience, the value of community and support, and how remaining engaged with life and passions can help navigate the challenges of visual impairment and Charles Bonnet syndrome.Contact…
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In this episode, Shaimond interviews Chris Wilsdon a representative from the Kent Association for the Blind, to discuss Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) and how his organization supports the visually impaired in Kent and parts of London, UK. Wilsdon shares his personal journey from experiencing vision problems to dedicating over 15 years to aiding tho…
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In this episode, Shaimond interviews Tanya Straker, who shares her journey as a caregiver and discusses her book “6 Life Hacks For Family Caregivers,” her weekly caregiver support group, Coffee with Caregivers, and shares tips to help caregivers manage, among other things she does to support people on their journey to being their best self.For more…
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In this episode, Shaimond and Eva interview Susan Michel who shares her journey with Retinitis Pigmentosa, Macular Degeneration and Charles Bonnet Syndrome.For help with Charles Bonnet Syndrome call 704-389-0160Contact us at cbsyndromepodcast@gmail.comFor the link to attend Dr. Gary Cusick’s weekly virtual Charles Bonnet Syndrome support group and …
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In this episode, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Marc Gosselin, MD about his journey to radiology, being a radiology program director, dealing with burnout, transitioning from academics to private practice, and overdiagnosis in radiology. They discuss in situ thrombosis versus pulmonary emboli, whether medical evidence should have an expir…
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In this episode, Shaimond and Eva interview Dr. Leonid Skorin, an ophthalmologist at the Mayo Clinic. He gives an ophthalmic view of Charles Bonnet Syndrome.Contact Dr. Skorin at Skorin.Leonid@mayo.edu For help with Charles Bonnet Syndrome call 704-389-0160Contact us at cbsyndromepodcast@gmail.comFor the link to attend Dr. Gary Cusick’s weekly virt…
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In this episode, Shaimond and Eva interview Irvine Harris who shares his journey with Macular Degeneration and Charles Bonnet Syndrome.Contact Irvine at harrisfl@gmail.com Irvine’s website https://savinghumanity.net/ For help with Charles Bonnet Syndrome call 704-389-0160Contact us at cbsyndromepodcast@gmail.comFor the link to attend Dr. Gary Cusic…
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In this episode, Shaimond interviews Esme’s Umbrella founder, Judith Potts. She shared how she first became aware of Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) when it affected her mother and how she founded Esme's Umbrella, her Charity that focuses on raising awareness, offering support and sourcing funding for research for CBS.Contact Judith Potts at judith@c…
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In this episode, Shaimond and Eva interview Dave Hommel who shares his story as a caregiver for his mother who has journey Charles Bonnet Syndrome.Contact Dave at williamdhommel@gmail.com For help with Charles Bonnet Syndrome call 704-389-0160Contact us at cbsyndromepodcast@gmail.comFor the link to attend Dr. Gary Cusick’s weekly virtual Charles Bo…
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In this episode, Shaimond discusses who Charles Bonnet was.For help with Charles Bonnet Syndrome call 704-389-0160Contact us at cbsyndromepodcast@gmail.comFor the link to attend Dr. Gary Cusick’s weekly virtual Charles Bonnet Syndrome support group and caregivers support group, please contact us at the phone numbers or email addresses listed above.…
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In this episode, Shaimond and Eva interview Theo Blue who shares his journey with Glaucoma and Charles Bonnet Syndrome.Contact Theo at theomblue@gmail.com For help with Charles Bonnet Syndrome call 704-389-0160Contact us at cbsyndromepodcast@gmail.comFor the link to attend Dr. Gary Cusick’s weekly virtual Charles Bonnet Syndrome support group and c…
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In this episode, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Hussam Alkaissi, MD about his journey in medicine, experience with populations with high consanguinity, and uncovering of rare diseases. They touch on several unusual cases Hussam has solved including one of CHILD syndrome, homocystinuria, and acute hypercalcemia. Who is Hussam Alkaissi? Dr.…
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In this episode, Shaimond and Eva interview Janet Duke, who shares her story as a family member and caregiver for her mother who has Charles Bonnet Syndrome.Contact Janet at jlduke88@gmail.com For help with Charles Bonnet Syndrome call 704-389-0160Contact us at cbsyndromepodcast@gmail.comFor the link to attend Dr. Gary Cusick’s weekly virtual Charl…
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Dr. Gary Cusick shares how he has helped the blind and visually impaired community for decades and why he has chosen to help people with Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) as his life’s passion. As of the release of this episode, he is the leading authority on CBS education, research and support in the U.S.For help with Charles Bonnet Syndrome call 704-…
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In this episode, Shaimond and Eva interview Jonathan Ward who shares his journey helping the blind and visually impaired community for nearly 40 years. He also discusses his visual impairment and first-hand experiences with Charles Bonnet Syndrome.For help with Charles Bonnet Syndrome call 704-389-0160Contact us at cbsyndromepodcast@gmail.comJonath…
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In this episode, Shaimond and Eva interview Carole Hommel who shares her journey with Macular Degeneration and Charles Bonnet Syndrome.For help with Charles Bonnet Syndrome call 704-389-0160Contact us at cbsyndromepodcast@gmail.comFor the link to attend Dr. Gary Cusick’s weekly virtual Charles Bonnet Syndrome support group and caregivers support gr…
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In this episode, Shaimond and Eva interview Ken Ellis, who shares his story as a caregiver for his wife, Antoinette, who has Charles Bonnet Syndrome.Contact Ken at keproductiondesign@yahoo.com For help with Charles Bonnet Syndrome call 704-389-0160Contact us at cbsyndromepodcast@gmail.comFor the link to attend Dr. Gary Cusick’s weekly virtual Charl…
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In this episode, Shaimond and Eva interview Antoinette McDonald-Ellis who shares her journey with Glaucoma and Charles Bonnet Syndrome.Contact Antoinette https://www.facebook.com/antoinette.mcdonald1 For help with Charles Bonnet Syndrome call 704-389-0160Contact us at cbsyndromepodcast@gmail.com For the link to attend Dr. Gary Cusick’s weekly virtu…
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In this episode, hosts Shaimond Foye and Eva Potts introduce themselves and discuss what Charles Bonnet Syndrome is and why they created this podcast.For help with Charles Bonnet Syndrome call 704-389-0160Contact us at cbsyndromepodcast@gmail.com For the link to attend Dr. Gary Cusick’s weekly virtual Charles Bonnet Syndrome support group and careg…
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In this episode, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Bryan Carmody, MD, about physician shortages, resident unionization, and the OB/GYN ERAS divorce. They discuss the recent changes to legislation in Tennessee which allows international medical graduates to bypass the US residency system. They also touch on the Weisman versus Barnes Jewish Ho…
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In this episode, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Joann Elmore, MD, about screening mammography. Dr. Elmore shares insights on the USPSTF's new draft mammography recommendations, which lowers the breast cancer screening age from 50 to 40. They discuss the difference in American and European call back rates for biopsy and whether mammography…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview infectious diseases physician and epidemiologist Dan Morgan, MD, about infection prevention, diagnostic stewardship, diagnostic reasoning, and medical overuse. They discuss regional differences in medical use and delve into a cluster-randomized controlled trial of contact precautions in…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Robin Hanson, PhD, about healthcare and medicine. They discuss three randomized controlled trials on the population-wide benefits of medicine (RAND health insurance experiment, Oregon Health Insurance Experiment, and the Karnataka Hospital Insurance Experiment), which do not demonstrate…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Simon Whitney, MD, JD, about his book From Oversight to Overkill. They discuss the history of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), including ethically questionable experiments such as Chester Southam's cancer cell injections, the Willowbrook experiment, as well as the US Public Health Se…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview John Ayers, PhD about ChatGPT and its potential to revolutionize the practice of medicine. We delve into his recent JAMA internal medicine study, which evaluated ChatGPT answers to questions posed on the subreddit r/AskDocs. We also touch on responses to his article discussed on a recen…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Andrew Foy, MD, about evidence-based medicine, applying Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT) to hospitalized patients, and evaluating aggressive versus conservative blood pressure goals in patients with comorbitidies. They discuss Dr. Foy's article on Hayek, critical appraisal of t…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Parker Rogers about his recent job-market paper "Regulating the Innovators: Approval Costs and Innovation in Medical Technologies" which examines the impact of FDA regulation on innovation, market structure, and product safety. They discuss the FDA's medical device risk classification a…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Ross Levine, MD, PhD about Acute Myeloid Leukemia and its treatment. They discuss the different types of leukemias, the history of AML treatment, including chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. They touch on Graft vs Host Disease, treatment after relapse, and open questions in leu…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Adam J Brown, MD about the field of Rheumatology, autoimmune diseases, and his podcast Rheuminations. They discuss the history of gout, plaquenil, the relationship between infectious diseases and rheumatologic conditions, the inflammasome, autoinflammatory disorders, vasculitis, fibromy…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Saloni Dattani about the genetics of psychiatric disorders and how to improve science. They discuss the lack of division of labor in academia, the history of peer review, ways to improve peer review, human challenge trials, and much more. Who is Saloni Dattani? Saloni Dattani is a PhD s…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Polly Matzinger, PhD, about her model of immunology, which she calls 'The Danger Model'. They discuss how The Danger Model helps explain aspects of immunology ignored by the self/non-self model, including why mothers don't reject their fetuses, autoimmune diseases, organ transplant reje…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Derek Lowe, PhD, about drug discovery, clinical trials, drug patents, Alzheimer’s disease, the FDA, and his blog “In The Pipeline”. They discuss the potential role for machine learning in pharmaceutical development, whether Big Pharma spends excessively on marketing, and much much more.…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Jean Hébert, PhD about aging, brain plasticity, and progressive neocortical replacement. They discuss one hallmark of aging—extracellular matrix damage—as well as how tissue replacement is a possible solution to aging. In addition, they explore the practicalities of progressive neocorte…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Paul Offit, MD about his book You Bet Your Life, how banning DDT caused increased deaths from malaria, and the data regarding the bivalent booster as of October 2022. They discuss the human price paid for medical advances, sins of commission versus sins of omission, which populations sh…
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In this colorful conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin speak with Carl Schneider, JD about informed consent and the problematic nature of IRBs. We discuss the difficulties of patient education and whether patients actually want medical knowledge in order to guide their decision-making. We discuss the onerousness of IRB regulation, event lice…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin speak with Adam Cifu, MD, about how to improve medical education, the importance of evidence-based medicine, and medical reversals. We discuss his collaboration with Vinay Prasad, MD, why we should swap the order of medical school curricula, and landmark trials that changed his clinical practice …
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin speak with Sekar Kathiresan, MD, about using gene editing medications to treat cardiovascular disease. We discuss Dr. Kathiresan’s company Verve Therapeutics, which has pioneered a lipid nanoparticle delivery system of a CRISPR-based gene editing technology. We delve into the pathophysiology of c…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin speak with Joel Topf, MD, about contrast-associated nephropathy. We discuss Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), the value of creatinine as a marker for AKI, how to evaluate volume status, the evidence around contrast-induced/contrast-associated nephropathy, recommendations on fluids to prevent AKI in pati…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin speak with Professor John Cochrane about the economics of the American healthcare system. We discuss the lack of clarity around US healthcare pricing, as well as how employer-sponsored health insurance and the persistence of massive cross subsidies contribute to dysfunction in the US healthcare m…
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In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin speak with Professor Christy Chapin, who is an Associate Professor of History at University of Maryland Baltimore County. We discuss how the American insurance company-based model of healthcare developed in the first half of the 20th century. Specifically, we explore the role of some of the major…
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In this conversation, Mitch Belkin and Daniel Belkin speak with Dr. Jason Ryan, the creator of Boards and Beyond. We discuss how he started Boards and Beyond, what aspects of medical education are in need of reform, and why he is bullish on med ed entrepreneurship. In this episode, we cover Dr. Ryan's background, his roots in chemical engineering, …
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In this conversation, Mitch Belkin and Daniel Belkin speak with Rick Johnson, MD, about how his views on fructose metabolism have evolved over the past decade. If you haven’t checked out Episode 9 with Dr. Johnson, check that out for more background. In this episode, Dr. Rick Johnson talks about endogenous fructose metabolism, the thrifty gene hypo…
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In this conversation, Mitch Belkin and Daniel Belkin speak with Nikhil Krishnan about his healthcare newsletter (OutofPocket), why he’s optimistic about healthcare startups, and what he’s learned from investing in health tech companies. He talks about his preferred business models and gives advice to healthcare entrepreneurs on the zero-to-one phas…
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In this episode, Mitch Belkin and Daniel Belkin speak with Robert Montgomery, MD, DPhil, about his background, family history of cardiomyopathy, as well as his work in immunology and transplantation. They discuss the 3 types of organ rejection, how to manage and prevent rejection, porcine endogenous viruses, as well as Dr. Montgomery's work on xeno…
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In this episode, Mitch Belkin and Daniel Belkin speak with Ben White about his background and reasons for selecting radiology. They discuss ways to improve radiology residency training and medical school education. They briefly touch on physician shortages, Dr. White’s blogging at BenWhite.com, and his nano-fiction project (Nanoism). Who is Ben Whi…
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