Makkot 10 - April 18, 20 Nisan

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

#Jewish #Religion #Michelle Cohen Farber #Study Guide

40:34

We’ve turned intuition into a buzzword—flattened it into a slogan, a gut feeling, or a vague whisper we don’t always know how to hear. But what if intuition is so much more? What if it's one of the most powerful tools we have—and we’ve just forgotten how to use it? In this episode, I’m joined by Hrund Gunnsteinsdóttir , Icelandic thought leader, filmmaker, and author of InnSæi: Icelandic Wisdom for Turbulent Times . Hrund has spent over 20 years studying and teaching the science and art of intuition through her TED Talk, Netflix documentary (InnSæi: The Power of Intuition), and global work on leadership, innovation, and inner knowing. Together, we explore what intuition really is (hint: not woo-woo), how to cultivate it in a culture obsessed with logic and overthinking, and why your ability to listen to yourself might be the most essential skill you can develop. In This Episode, We Cover: ✅ Why we’ve misunderstood intuition—and how to reclaim it ✅ Practical ways to strengthen your intuitive muscle ✅ What Icelandic wisdom teaches us about inner knowing ✅ How to use intuition during uncertainty and decision-making ✅ Why trusting yourself is an act of rebellion (and power) Intuition isn’t magic—it’s a deep, internal guidance system that already exists inside you. The question is: are you listening? Connect with Hrund: Website: www.hrundgunnsteinsdottir.com TedTalk: https://www.ted.com/talks/hrund_gunnsteinsdottir_listen_to_your_intuition_it_can_help_you_navigate_the_future?utm_campaign=tedspread&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=tedcomshare Newsletter: https://hrundgunnsteinsdottir.com/blog/ LI: www.linkedin.com/in/hrundgunnsteinsdottir IG: https://www.instagram.com/hrundgunnsteinsdottir/ Book: InnSæi: Icelandic Wisdom for Turbulent Times Related Podcast Episodes: How To Breathe: Breathwork, Intuition and Flow State with Francesca Sipma | 267 VI4P - Know Who You Are (Chapter 4) Gentleness: Cultivating Compassion for Yourself and Others with Courtney Carver | 282 Share the Love: If you found this episode insightful, please share it with a friend, tag us on social media, and leave a review on your favorite podcast platform! 🔗 Subscribe & Review: Apple Podcasts | Spotify | Amazon Music Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices…

about a year ago 46:19

MP3•Episode home

One's rabbi goes to the refuge city with the accidental murderer. If a rabbi murders accidentally, his yeshiva goes with him to the refuge city. The Gemara raises a difficulty with a rabbi going to a refuge city as it is known that Torah learning protects - so why should he need a refuge city? Two suggested answers are brought.

Several drashot are brought relating to the importance of setting up refuge cities. From one of the verses, the gemara digresses to discussing the importance of learning Torah, teaching Torah and group learning.

Reish Lakish explains a verse in the Torah that God orchestrates things from above that one who kills accidentally and it is not known to anyone, and one who kills on purpose without witnesses, will both end up in the same place and the murderer will get killed accidentally by the one who killed accidentally before and each will then get their punishment they are deserving of. Similarly it is derived from various verses that God guides a person in the direction that the person wishes to go.

If the relative kills the killer on the way to the city of refuge, does he receive a death penalty?

1988 episodes

Makkot 10 - April 18, 20 Nisan

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

published about a year ago

MP3•Episode home

If the relative kills the killer on the way to the city of refuge, does he receive a death penalty?

1988 episodes

#Jewish #Religion #Michelle Cohen Farber #Study Guide

All episodes

6 weeks ago25:40

25:40

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

1
Makkot 5 - 1st Day of Pesach - April 13, 15 Nisan 44:48

6 weeks ago44:48

44:48

When the conspiring witnesses pay/get lashes do they split the amount or do they each have to pay the full amount or get the full amount of lashes? The Mishna discusses the definition of conspiring witnesses. What is the difference between conspiring witnesses and contradictory testimony? What happens in a case where every group that comes to testify is turned into conspiring witnesses by the same group of witnesses - do we assume the group saying "you were with us" to every group of witnesses is lying? Would it be the same if someone keeps bringing false witnesses to testify on their behalf and then brings witnesses who are not proven to be false? Do we suspect they are lying just because they were brought by someone already known to bring false witnesses? There is a basic argument between the Perushim and Tzedukim - do the conspiring witnesses get killed only if they succeeded in convicting the person but didn't succeed in getting them killed ( Perushim ) or only if they actually succeeded in getting him killed ( Tzedukim )? The verse in Devarim 17:6 says that one gets killed based on the testimony of 2-3 witnesses. There are several drashot brought in the Mishna explaining what can be derived from the unnecessary mention of "three witnesses" in the verse.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Makkot 4 - Shabbat April 12, 14 Nisan 38:43

6 weeks ago38:43

38:43

Different statements of Rav Yehuda in the name of Rav are brought regarding mikvaot . The Mishna brings a basic argument between Rabbi Meir and the Rabbis about whether or not conspiring witnesses get the punishment of what they conspired to do and also get lashes for the negative commandment of testifying falsely. The Gemara discusses their opinions.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Makkot 3 - April 11, 13 Nisan 47:12

6 weeks ago47:12

47:12

Today's daf is sponsored by Samuel Berlad in honor of Esther Sarah bat Sarah to get good passing grades in the exams and parnassah tova . Also in loving memory of Devorah bat Avraham, for the refuah shleima of Shmuel Lev ben Bracha. Today's daf is sponsored by Audrey and Jake Levant in honor of Deborah and Michael Dickson. "Wishing you a huge mazel tov on the engagement of Dalia to Yared Posnasky." Rav Yehuda said in the name of Rav that a conspiring witness pays according to his share. After four unsuccessful attempts to explain the meaning of his statement, they explain it to be a case where the witness said he was convicted and charged money in a court for being a conspiring witness. Based on his testimony, he can be obligated to pay his share, even though his testimony cannot incriminate the other witness. If conspiring witnesses testify that a man divorced his wife and did not pay her the ketuba money, how is the payment for their punishment assessed, as they tried to obligate him to pay money that he may have had to pay later if he predeceases his wife or divorces her? If conspiring witnesses testify that a debtor who had a ten-year loan had a thirty-day loan, how is the payment for their punishment assessed? Both these cases are explained in the Mishna. Rav Yehuda says in the name of Rav that a ten-year loan is canceled when the shmita year arrives. Rav Kahana raises a difficulty on his statement from the Mishna as it implies that a ten-year loan can be collected. Rava resolves the contradiction. According to an alternative version of the sugya, Rav Yehuda said in the name of Rav the opposite - that a ten-year loan is collected. Rav Kahana supported his statement from our Mishna.Rava rejects the support from the Mishna. Rav Yehuda says in the name of Shmuel that if one loans another upon the condition that the shmita year not cancel the loan, the loan is canceled anyway as the condition is invalid. However, this contradicts a different statement of Shmuel regarding ona'ah , that a condition that goes against the Torah is valid if the issue relates to money. How is this resolved? Two other statements are brought by Rav Yehuda says in the name of Rav and Rav Kahana raises a difficulty against them - one about laws of Shabbat and one about laws of mikveh.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Makkot 2 - April 10, 12 Nisan 46:05

6 weeks ago46:05

46:05

Makkot bookmark Masechet Makkot is sponsored by Terri Krivosha and Rabbi Hayim Herring in loving memory of Terri’s father Judge Norman Krivosha, Nachum Meir ben David Beer v’Malka, on his 4th yahrzeit, and in honor of Dr. Judith Hauptman. "Our dad instilled in us a lifelong love of learning and in honor of Dr. Judith Hauptman, their first Talmud teacher and one of the pioneers who opened the doors of Talmud study to women." There are certain exceptions to the rule when conspiring witnesses ( eidim zomemim ) do not receive the punishment “that they tried to do to their brother.” In those cases, they receive lashes. For example, if they testify about the status of a person (about a kohen that his father married a divorcee) or that a person killed accidentally and should go to the refuge city. Why does the masechet begin with an exception to the rule, instead of beginning with the basic rule of conspiring witnesses? From where is it derived that in the two cases in the Mishna, conspiring witnesses do not receive the punishment “as he tried to do to his brother?” For each case, two suggestions are brought - one a drasha from a verse and the other a kal v'chomer argument. In both cases, the kal v'chomer argument is rejected. Where can one find an allusion in the Torah for the ruling that conspiring witnesses receive lashes in exceptional cases? A braita is quoted which adds two more exceptions to the rule where the conspiring witnesses do not receive the punishment that they tried to bring upon the defendant.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 113 - Siyum Masechet Sanhedrin - April 9, 11 Nisan 34:19

6 weeks ago34:19

34:19

Siyum Sanhedrin is sponsored in loving memory of Anita Dinerstein by her children and grandchildren on her second yahrzeit. "Her dedication to learning, interpersonal connection and creation of community has been a model for us as we have learned Sanhedrin and the rest of Nezikin." Siyum Sanhedrin is sponsored by Jeff and Jill Shames in memory of Jill's mother, Seena Baker, שפרה בת ברכה וזאלה. Ten years on, love beyond words from your children, your children's children and your children's children's children. What happens to all the items in a city of idol worshippers that have some level of sanctity to them? Can the destroyed idolatrous city be used for gardens and fields or can it never be rebuilt for any purpose? The city of Jericho can also never be rebuilt. In the book of Kings, it is told that Chial rebuilt Jericho and his sons were killed, as per Joshua's curse. The Gemara explains that he rebuilt a different city but called it Jericho, which was forbidden as well. This story was a lead-in to the drought in the time of Achav when Eliahu received the "key" for rain from God and brought a drought. How did God manage to get the key back from Eliyahu and end the drought? The masechet ends with a discussion of righteous and evil people and their effects on the world.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Introduction to Masechet Makkot with Dr. Ayelet Hoffmann Libson 32:50

6 weeks ago32:50

32:50

Introduction to Masechet Makkot

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 112 - April 8, 10 Nisan 48:11

7 weeks ago48:11

48:11

Today's daf is sponsored by Tina and Shalom Lamm on the occasion of the brit and naming of their new grandson, Naveh Shimshon, born to their children, Peninah and Eitan Kaplansky. The Gemara delves into various issues regarding an " ir hanidachat, " idolatrous city. Can a city become an idolatrous city if there was no subverted, but they decided on their own? If individuals get stoned, but if the majority of the city is convicted, they get killed by the sword, how does the court rule on the first half of the inhabitants before it is clear that the majority of the inhabitants will be guilty? Temporary residents are also considered part of the city, but how long do they need to live there to be considered temporary residents? Even though the righteous people of the city are not killed, their possessions are destroyed. What is the difference between the possessions of the righteous people and those of the idol worshippers different and how are there laws derived from the Devarim 13:16? Rav Chisda ruled that deposits of inhabitants are not burned. To what is he referring? If there is no square in the town, Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Yismael disagree about whether or not the city can be judged as idolatrous city. How does each derive their position from the verse in the Torah? The Mishna explained what is done with various sanctified items in the city - whether animals designated for sacrifices, second tithe produce and others. The Gemara brings a braita that expands on this list. What are animals designated for sacrificed left to die and cannot be redeemed and the money used so sacrifices? Rabbi Yochanan and Reish Lakish each bring a different answer to this question. The first explanation of Reish Lakish is rejected and an alternative is suggested. Why didn't each one hold by the other's position? In the braita, Rabbi Shimon excludes firstborn animals and tithed animals from the burning. Is this referring to unblemished or blemished animals? Ravina and Shmuel each take a different position on this.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 111 - April 7, 9 Nisan 45:32

7 weeks ago45:32

45:32

Today's daf is sponsored by Rikki and Alan Zibitt in loving memory of their mothers, Helen Zibitt, Hena bat Yaacov v' Rachel Leah, whose 20th yahrzeit was 28 Adar and Friedl bat Meir v' Rivkah, whose 10th yahrzeit is 9 Nisan. "They were true Women of Valor, who lived lives of hesed , loshon tov and ahavat Yisrael . We miss them every day! May their neshamot have the highest aliyah." Rabbi Yochanan and Reish Lakish disagree about how to understand three different verses relating to Gehenom and the final redemption - Reish Lakish interprets them all harshly and rabbi Yochanan more leniently. The language of redemption used in the Torah describes both getting out of Egypt and coming into the land of Israel. Rabbi Simai makes a heikesh - just like the Jews entered the land with only two out of the 600,000 that came out of Egypt, they also came out of Egypt with the same percentage of people that were there. If 600,000 came out, it must be that there were 180 billion people there, and they died before the Exodus. The same will hold e for the days of the Messiah, as is derived from Hosea 2:17. Two situations are described in which Moshe is critical of God. The people of a wayward city, that were convinced by members of their city to worship idols, do not have a share in the World-to-Come. The halakhic details of this city are discussed.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 110 - April 6, 8 Nisan 41:43

7 weeks ago41:43

41:43

Today's daf is sponsored by Abby Sosland in loving memory of Rabbi Henry Sosland. "He taught us that daily learning could be the ultimate source of comfort and sipuk nefesh ." Today’s daf is sponsored by the Hadran Women of Long Island in honor of our friend and co-learner, Bracha Rutner, whose completion of Masechet Sanhedrin marks her siyum on all of Shas. "You dedicated the last seven and one-half years to this monumental achievement, and we are so proud that you are one of our group, and that we are able to share in your simcha! לכי מחיל אל חיל." Korach's wife convinced him to rebel against Moshe, despite Korach initially arguing against her persuasion. What were her specific complaints against Moshe and Aharon? Based on inferences from Bamidbar 16:14 and Tehillim 106:16, Rabbi Yochanan explains that they accused Moshe of engaging in relations with their wives. Moshe approached Datan and Aviram, seeking reconciliation. From this action, Reish Lakish teaches that one should actively work to resolve disputes. Different verses are brought to prove that anyone who challenges their teacher is considered as challenging God directly. There is a debate regarding Korach's fate: Was he swallowed by the earth or burned with the others who offered incense? This remains unresolved due to different interpretations of the verses. However, the Torah clearly states that Korach's sons survived. Regarding the generation that wandered in the desert, sages debate whether they will have a share in the World-to-Come. Various verses are cited to support both positions. Similarly, the fate of the ten tribes is disputed. Will they eventually return to the land or were they permanently exiled? This discussion centers on different interpretations of Devarim 29:27. Scholars also debate whether these tribes will receive a portion in the World-to-Come, with various verses brought as evidence. In both these controversies, Rabbi Akiva takes the stricter position that they will neither return nor have a share in the World-to-Come. Rabba bar bar Hanna quotes Rabbi Yochanan questioning Rabbi Akiva's stance, noting that Rabbi Akiva typically adopts more lenient positions. What is the source for Rabbi Akiva's general tendency toward leniency? From what point in development can one merit entry to the World-to-Come: from conception, birth, the ability to speak, or the ability to say "amen"?…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 109 - Shabbat April 5, 7 Nisan 44:20

7 weeks ago44:20

44:20

A story is brought of Nahum ish Gamzu and how he is saved from death by the Romans on account of magical dirt that came from the dirt that Avraham used against the four kings, which magically turned into swords. What was the generation of those who built the Tower of Bavel try to accomplish? What were the acts of Sodom? God gave them everything they could want, which made them self-sufficient, leading to arrogance, which led to their isolationist policy. They mainly engaged in two categories of trangressions - not treating guests properly and perverting justice. There is a debate about Korach and his followers - whether they are deserving of the World-to-Come. The Gemara extrapolates the names of the people in Korach's group and explains how On ben Pelet didn't rejoin Korach's group on account of his wife's actions.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 108 - April 4, 6 Nisan 46:27

7 weeks ago46:27

46:27

Today's daf is sponsored by Mitzi and David Geffen in loving memory of Mitzi's mother, Ruth Toll Lock, Rut bat Miriam and Avraham z"l on her 39th yahrzeit. "She was a loving wife, mother, and mother-in-law; a devoted Zionist and wonderful educator in Harrisburg, PA. All 4 of her children made Aliyah and her many grandchildren and great-grandchildren, as well as her great-grandchild, all live in Israel." The Mishna lists groups of people throught our early history that do not have a share in the World-to-Come and deliberates about whether they will be ressurected. Arrogance caused the sin of the generation of the flood, as they had everything and therefore thought that they didn't need God. Was Noah a real righteous peerson or just in relation to his generation? How did Noah try before the flood to get the poeple to repent and what was their reposnse? What was the purpose of the seven days before the flood? How did they deal with animals while they were in the ark? These and other issues related to the flood are discussed.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 107 - April 3, 5 Nisan 46:42

7 weeks ago46:42

46:42

Today's daf is sponsored by Becki Goldstein for a refuah sheleima for her grandson Eitan Ephraim ben Ayelet and her husband David Mordecai ben Reizal for a successful operation. " Refuat hanefesh v'haguf. " In connection with Achitofel, the Gemara diverts to the story of David and Batsheva. Why was David tested in this way and why did he fail the test? What was the reaction of those around him? How did he get forgiveness from God? How in the end was it made obvious to others that he received forgiveness? For what reason did Geichazi not get a portion in the World to Come? Elisha is also criticized for how he dealt with Geichazi, just as Yehoshua ben Perachia is criticized for not encouraging Yeshu (Jesus) to repent.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 106 - April 2, 4 Nisan 45:28

7 weeks ago45:28

45:28

"Better are the wounds from a friend than the kisses of an enemy" (Proverbs 27:6). An example of this is Achiya the Shiloni and Balaam's prophecies. The Gemara continues to analyze Balaam's words about the Jewish people and other nations. When Balaam was unsuccessful in cursing the Jews. he devised a plan, and advised Balak how to entice the Jews to sin in order to get God to punish them. The next character mentioned in the Mishna is Doeg HaEdomi. Why did he lose his share in the World-to-Come? Being that he was a great Torah scholar, the sages explain what was wrong about the Torah he learned that enabled him to speak lashon hara about David, which ultimately caused the death of the inhabitants of Nov.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 105 - April 1, 3 Nisan 47:54

8 weeks ago47:54

47:54

Today's daf is sponsored by Pnina Lipskier in memory of Yoav Har Shoshanim. A verse is brought that is explained in a way that the Jews in the time leading up to the destruction thought that they had a winning answer to counter God and his prophets when they told the people to repent. There are three possible explanations of what was this "winning answer." Balaam in on the list of those who have no portion in the World-to-Come. What did he do wrong? How did he succeed in convincing God to let him go? What was the nature of the conversation he had with his donkey? Why did he get his own donkey ready instead of letting his servants do it? How did he think he would succeed in cursing the Jewish people? And finally, did he really not succeed in cursing them?…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 104 - March 31, 2 Nisan 46:06

8 weeks ago46:06

46:06

Today's daf is sponsored by the Hadran Zoom Family in loving memory of our fellow Daf learner Carol Robinson, z"l. "In all the spaces she touched she was an אישה כגפן פוריה, fruitful in all her endeavors." Micah was saved from losing his share in the World-to-Come because he gave food to travelers. Rabbi Yochanan, partially based on a statement of Rabbi Yosi bar Kisma explained that hospitality is so important that one can see its effect in several ways throughout Tanach history. Why were Achaz, Amon and Yehoyakim not included in the list of those not receiving a share in the World-to-Come? Even though hospitality is an important value, sometimes it is not. This is highlighted by Chizkiyahu who invited Babylonian messengers and fed them a lot of food, treating them with a lot of respect, which partially caused the destruction of the Temple. Several verses from Eicha are expounded to explain many different issues relating to the destruction. Rav Ashi explained that anshei kneset hagedola were the ones who created the list of those who did not receive a place in the World-to-Come. Rav Yehuda said in the name of Rav that they wanted to include King Solomon in the list, but God disagreed with them. Others, dorshei reshumot , held that all of them had a place in the World-to-Come (other than Bilam), deriving it from a verse in Tehillim 60:9-10.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 103 - Rosh Chodesh Nisan - March 30, 1 Nisan 45:26

8 weeks ago45:26

45:26

This month's learning is sponsored by Linda and Jay Marcus in honor of the recent birth of their granddaughter; and the anniversaries and birthdays of their children and grandchildren during Nissan. "בניסן נגאלו ובניסן עתידין להיגאל. May we merit to see the גאולה שלמה במהרה בימינו." Today's daf is sponsored by Lisa Kolodny in honor of Nancy Kolodny's birthday! "So happy you are spending more time in Israel this year, spreading your light, your wisdom and your love to all those around you." There is a debate about whether Menashe received a portion in the World-to-Come. Rabbi Yochanan brings three drashot in the name of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, each relating to different kings of the Judean kingdom, highlighting how far God goes to allow repentance. He also brought another drasha relating to the disgrace of the Sanhedrin at the time of the Babylonian exile. Rav Chisda says in the name of Rabbi Yirmia bar Abba three statements - one relating to the bad actions of some of the Judean kings, one relating to types of people who are not worthy of receiving the Divine Presence, and one explaining the verses in Tehillim 91:11-13 about evil not coming upon a person. Why is the letter ayin in ' reshaim' suspended above the other letters in the verse in Iyov 38:15? A braita explains that Menashe, Achav, and Yeravam all learned Torah, highlighting that their sins were worse, as they clearly understood the Torah and sinned nevertheless, with full intent. Other braitot suggest that other kings lost their portion in the World-to-Come. Descriptions are brought about some of the bad kings and how their action led to the destruction of the Beit Hamikdash.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 102 - Shabbat March 29, 29 Adar 41:02

8 weeks ago41:02

41:02

Why did Yeravam, Achav, and Menashe lose their portion in the World-to-come? Despite the fact that they did terrible things, the rabbis also highlight that they did good things in their lives, particularly as it related to talmud Torah and respect for Torah scholars.

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 101 - March 28, 28 Adar 45:34

8 weeks ago45:34

45:34

Can one sing verses from Shir HaShirim in a tune other than the taamei hamikra ? In what manner/context is it problematic to read verses from the Torah? What is "someone who uses incantations" that will not get a part in the World-to-come? Are there ways to do this that are permitted? Is calling to demons allowed? Some stories are told about the rabbis visiting Rabbi Eliezer ben Hurkanus while he was sick and their conversations about suffering. Yeravam is listed in the Mishna as one who did not receive a portion in the World-to-come. What is the meaning of his name? Why did he lose his share in the World-to-come? What caused him to sin?…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 100 - March 27, 27 Adar 47:09

8 weeks ago47:09

47:09

What is the definition of an apikoris ? Several suggestions are brought, mainly related to one who does not treat the rabbis with the proper respect as it undermines belief in rabbinic Judaism. What is the definition of sefarim chitzoniyim , external literature, that if one reads them, one does not get a portion in the World-to-come, according to Rabbi Akiva? A braita says it is book of the Saducees. Rav Yosef says it is the book of Ben Sira. Abaye tries to understand what is wrong with learning it since many of the ideas there appear in the Tanach or in rabbinic thought.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 99 - March 26, 26 Adar 46:01

8 weeks ago46:01

46:01

Today's daf is dedicated in honor of the engagement of my daughter Chani to Saar Har-Chen. "May their love for each other continue to grow and may they always enjoy learning Torah together." How long will be the duration of time of the mashiach ? Eight different answers are suggested. Many verses from the prophets explain the great blessings that will be in the future. However, another verse says that the blessings will be of the kind that no one has seen until this day, meaning they are indescribable. Rabbi Yochanan reconciles this contradiction in three different ways. One who doesn't believe that the Torah is from God has no share in the World-to-come. This is derived from a verse in the Torah. A braita is brought that derives other offenses from that braita as well. Since learning Torah was mentioned, the Gemara digresses to discuss the importance of learning Torah and ways to ensure that one's Torah is not forgotten. What is an apikores ? What is the difference between an apikores and a " megale panim b'Torah "…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 98 - March 25, 25 Adar 47:23

9 weeks ago47:23

47:23

Today's daf is sponsored by Hillel Gray in loving memory of Raizel Shoshana bat Rachel Perel on her shloshim. "She loved reading, teaching others to read, and Jewish education." Today's daf is sponsored by Abby Flamholz in honor of her daughter in law Sigal’s hebrew birthday. "She continues to be a constant inspiration to me and especially to her daughters and husband. Happy birthday Sigal!" The sages extensively discuss various signs, both auspicious and ominous, that are believed to herald the coming of the Messiah. Rabbi Yochanan explained the Messiah will arrive during an era that is either entirely virtuous or completely corrupt. This binary perspective highlights the spiritual extremes that might precipitate messianic redemption. The prophetic texts contain seemingly contradictory verses, such as "It will come in its time, I will hurry it." Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi resolves this apparent contradiction by explaining that the timing of the Messiah's arrival depends on the generation's spiritual merit. If the generation proves worthy, God will accelerate the redemption; if not, it will unfold according to the predetermined time. Why is the Messiah depicted as arriving on a donkey rather than a more noble animal like a horse? In an aggadic story, Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi encounters Eliyahu at the entrance to Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai's cave. He seeks answers about whether he will enter the world-to-come and the timing of the Messiah's arrival. Eliyahu directs him to the entrance of Rome, instructing him to seek out and directly ask the Messiah. In a parallel account, Rabbi Yosi ben Kisma's students similarly inquire about the anticipated redemption. Some rabbis acknowledge the inevitability of the Messiah's arrival but express trepidation about witnessing this momentous event. They fear that their personal sins might cause them to be consumed in the " chevlei mashiach " - the birth pangs of the messianic era. While they recognize that good deeds and Torah study offer spiritual protection, they remain acutely aware that sin can precipitate divine judgment. Intriguingly, the Messiah's name itself becomes a matter of interpretive tradition. In each beit midrash they named the future redeemer with a name that resonated with their own teacher's name.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 97 - March 24, 24 Adar 46:40

9 weeks ago46:40

46:40

When is the Messiah going to come? What kind of destruction/change of world order will precede the coming of the Messiah? There are several different descriptions of the signs to be expected. Some sages offered suggestions for what year to expect the Messiah. However, some hold that one cannot try to estimate when the Messiah will come. However, we are commanded to wait in hope for the Messiah's arrival, as is derived from Yeshayahu 30:18. From that same verse, it is derived that there are thirty-six righteous people in every generation who greet the Divine Presence. Other sources indicate other amounts of righteous people and these differences are reconciled. Rav holds that all the times the Messiah was supposed to come have now passed, and it is all dependent on the people repenting and doing good deeds. Shmuel holds that even without good deeds and repentance, eventually, the mourning will be so great that God will redeem the people. Their debate is similar to a tannaitic debate between Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua. They each bring verses in the Torah to prove their side of the argument - will the repentance come from the people or will God force it upon them when God decides it is time?…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 96 - March 23, 23 Adar 42:37

9 weeks ago42:37

42:37

Today's daf is sponsored by Dina Kaufman and Rob Ginsburg to celebrate the wedding of their son Aaron to Dana Houri. "So good to have a simcha in these difficult times. Mazal tov!" Today's daf is sponsored by Mark and Rena Septee Goldstein in loving memory of Moe Septee, on his 28th yahrzeit. "A truly wonderful man." Sancheriv's humiliation by God after he fails in the battle of Jerusalem and his death by the hands of his sons is explained in detail. How did Avraham beat the four kings? He was also helped by an angel, according to one interpretation, just as Chikiyahu was. Yirmiyahu asked God: why do evil people live good lives? God answers, using Nevuchadnetzer as an example. Nevuzaradin, the army officer of the Babylonians, was intimidated while trying to conquer Jerusalem as he was concerned he would meet the same end as Sancheriv. However, he was encouraged by a heavenly voice. When he entered the Temple, he saw the blood of Zecharia boiling. As a result, he killed many Jews, but eventually called on Zecharia to stop causing so many people to die. When that happens, he is so amazed that he converts to Judaism. There were others as well whose descendants converted to Judaism, including Sanheriv. God wanted Nevuchadnetzer's descendants to convert, but the angels stopped him. How did Nevuchadnetzer decide to go conquer Jerusalem? He was encouraged by Israel's neighbors Amon and Moab who gave him inside information that the time was right. Even so, he was very hesitant, after what happened to Sancheriv, but was encouraged that he would be successful.…

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Sanhedrin 95 - Shabbat March 22, 22 Adar 42:39

9 weeks ago42:39

42:39

Today’s daf is sponsored by Rabbi Art Gould in memory of his beloved bride of 50 years, Carol Joy Robinson, Karina Gola bat Huddah v’Yehuda Tzvi on her 2nd yahrtzeit. "Carol was the tent-pole, the driving force, the glue that held our family together. No matter what happened, Carol knew what to do. Michalle, Miriam and I miss her terribly, even though she is in our thoughts every single day." Today's daf is sponsored by Risa Tzohar in loving memory of Fruma bat Risel and David. Sancheriv had the opportunity to destroy Jerusalem but he delayed and missed his chance. The day he got to Jerusalem was the last day before the opportunity to punish for what happened in the city of Nov expired, but he waited until the next morning, on account of his arrongance, and therefore didn't succeed. King David was punished for what happened in Nov, holding him indirectly responsible for the death of all the inhabitants of the city. A whole encounter between him and Yishbi, the brother of Goliath is described as being connected to this. How many people did Sancheriv bring to fight against Jerusalem? With What did the angel strike the people? Who was left of Sanheriv's camp after the battle?…

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Sanhedrin 94 - March 21, 21 Adar 45:17

9 weeks ago45:17

45:17

Today's daf is sponsored by Nancy Kolodny in honor of her daughter-in-law Lisa Kolodny's birthday. "She brings light, love and learning into the lives of her family and friends." Today's daf is sponsored by Caroline Ben-Ari in loving memory of her mother, Daphne Rhodes, Daphne Devora bat Avraham v'Chana on her 8th yahrzeit. The story of the battle between Hizkiyahu and Sancheriv is discussed in detail, beginning with the tradition that Hizkiyahu was destined to be the messiah but was ultimately deemed unworthy because he failed to express gratitude to God after being saved from Sancheriv's attack. In recounting this story, the Gemara uses it as a platform to emphasize the critical importance of Torah study. It specifically highlights that Hizkiyahu's merit in encouraging the people to learn Torah is what ultimately saved them from destruction.…

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Sanhedrin 93 - March 20, 20 Adar 44:26

9 weeks ago44:26

44:26

When Chanania, Mishael and Azaria were saved from the fiery furnace, it shed a bad light on the rest of the Jews, as the gentiles said, if their God is so great, how can the rest of the people be worshipping idols! God wanted to destroy the rest of the Jews because they were worshipping idols, but when God saw the actions of Chanania, Mishael and Azaria, his anger subsided. The sages try to fill in some missing details from the story. What happened to Chanania, Mishael and Azaria after they were saved, as they are not directly heard from again? Several options are brought by amoraim and their opinions match those of tannaim. Where was Daniel when Chanania, Mishael and Azaria were thrown into the fire? Several possibilities are offered. According to a braita, God, Daniel and Nevuchadnetzer each did not want Daniel to be there - each for their own reason. Two false prophets named Achav and Tzidkia were also thrown into a fire by Nevuchadnetzer, but were killed. What is the background story? According to the midrash, Yehoshua the High Priest was sent in with them, but was only singed and came out alive. Why was Yehoshua punished? In the book of Ruth, Ruth tells Naomi that Boaz gave her six grains of barley. Bar Kapara extrapolated this verse to mean that by giving her six grains, he was alluding to her that six sons would be born to her who were each blessed with six blessings - David, the Messiah, Daniel, Chanania, Mishael and Azaria. Verses are brought to show how each was blessed in six ways. There is a debate, however, about Chanania, Mishael and Azaria's lineage and whether or not they were from the tribe of Judah. Yishayahu prophesizes to Chizkiyahu that his descendants will be taken to Babylonia and will become sarisim . The Gemara understands this to be referring to Daniel, Chanania, Mishael and Azaria. What is the meaning of the word sarisim in this context? Rav and Rabbi Chanina disagree. Does it mean they were eunuchs? Or does it mean they were cut off from worshipping idols? The Gemara raises two difficulties against Rav, that they were eunuchs, and one difficulty against Rabbi Chanina, that they were cut off from worshipping idols. The difficulties are brought from verses in Daniel and Yeshayahu but are resolved. Why was the book of Ezra, which much of it was said and written by Nechemia, not called Nechemia? Two suggestions are brought.…

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Sanhedrin 92 - March 19, 19 Adar 45:46

9 weeks ago45:46

45:46

Today's daf is sponsored by Yarden and Guy in honor of Leah Zelda Shechter's birthday! What happens to someone who doesn't teach Torah to others? What happens to someone who does? Rava, Ravina and Rav Ashi brought three more verses to prove the resurrection of the dead. Rabbi Elazar brought a statement relating to the resurrection of the dead. From there, the Gemara brings several statements from Rabbi Elazar about different topics, including the value of de'ah , leaving bread of the table in case a poor person shows up, and being humble. A braita from the school of Eliyahu teaches that when the dead are resurrected, they will not die again. The Gemara brings the verses in Ezekiel where Ezekiel brings the bones back to life. Can this be brought as a source for the resurrection of the dead or to prove that when they are brought back to life, they will not live forever? Various interpretations are brought to explain whether he really resurrected the dead (or was it just a parable) and if he did, whether they lived for a few moments or went on to lead full lives. Another question is who were the people who Ezekiel resurrected? Several suggestions are brought, and the last interpretation leads into the story of Chanania, Mishael, and Azarya.…

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Sanhedrin 91 - March 18, 18 Adar 44:44

10 weeks ago44:44

44:44

Today's daf is sponsored by Sharona Shuster in loving memory of her father, Elliot Shimoff, Eliyahu Chaim ben Harav Ephraim. "He enjoyed his family, learning Torah, and Israel. He was loved by all and a true talmud chacham . His love of learning encouraged me to learn Daf at a later age and I now see his passion. Yehi zichro baruch ." Today's daf is sponsored by Becki Goldstein for a refuah shleima of her grandson Eitan Efraim ben Ayelet. "Tfilot for the success of a long and complicated surgery for Eitan to repair the nervous system from his shoulder to his fingertips from his injury in Gaza. May the operating team be shlichim neamanim B"H ." In three separate encounters with either the emperor or a heretic, the question is asked: how could God possibly bring back to life those who have died? In each incident, the Jew offers a different answer. In the third encounter, Geviha ben Pesisa responds. Three additional stories describe when Jews were brought to trial before Alexander of Macedon by other nations. In each case, Geviha argues on behalf of the Jews. The pattern is consistent: the opposing nation uses a verse from the Torah to attack Jewish actions, and Geviha counters with a different verse that refutes their claim. Antoninus raises several questions to Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. Some questions Rabbi Yehuda resolves, while on others, Antoninus convinces him of a different view. The first question concerns how both body and soul can claim exemption from judgment after death, each blaming the other for causing sin. The second asks why the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. The third explores when the soul enters a person—at conception or during fetal development. The fourth examines when the evil inclination begins to influence a person—during fetal development or at birth. Reish Lakish, Ulla, Rav Chisda, and Rava each present seemingly contradictory verses about life after death, mortality, or resurrection. Each sage then resolves the contradiction he identified. Five additional verses are presented as proof of resurrection from the Torah. Rav Yehuda, citing Rav, teaches that withholding a halakha from a student is equivalent to stealing from their inheritance, since the Torah was given as an inheritance to all Jewish people.…

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Sanhedrin 90 - March 17, 17 Adar 44:36

10 weeks ago44:36

44:36

Study Guide Sanhedrin 90 Today's daf is sponsored by Rachel Savin in loving memory of her father, Shalom ben Shmuel, on his third yahrzeit. Rabbi Shimon and the rabbis disagree about the death penalty for a prophet who tries to sway the people to worship idols. Rav Chisda and Rav Hamnuna disagree about whether their debate extends to a prophet who tries to sway the people to uproot a different commandment entirely or is it limited to idol worship only. A braita relating to this issue is quoted and Abaye explains it according to Rav Chisda, and Rava explains it according to Rav Hamnuna. Two approaches are brought to explain why the Torah specifically brought a verse about a prophet who uses signs to show he is telling the truth and then tells the people to worship idols. Is it because idol worshippers have the power to make signs, or is there a concern that a true prophet may turn bad and try to sway people to worship idols after having shown signs as a true prophet? The eleventh chapter of Sanhedrin begins with a list of who has a part in the world-to-come and who does not. The first topic the Gemara delves into is the resurrection of the dead, as one who does not believe in that does not have a part in the world-to-come. What is the source for the resurrection of the dead in the Torah? Several debates are brought between gentiles or heretics who argued with the rabbis about belief in the resurrection of the dead and the proofs of the rabbis.…

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Sanhedrin 89 - March 16, 16 Adar 46:09

10 weeks ago46:09

46:09

Today's daf is sponsored by Amy Goldstein in loving memory of her mother, Carolyn Barnett-Goldstein on her sixth yahrzeit. "Mom - I miss your knowledge of music, art, and literature. You were gone way too soon." Further conditions are brought under which the rebellious elder can get killed. Only the High Court in the Temple is allowed to execute the rebellious elder. There is a debate about how his death is publicized - is his death delayed until the next holiday and killed while everyone is in Jerusalem or is he killed immediately and the court sends letters to all the communities? A false prophet, who tells of a prophecy that he either did not hear or was told to someone else, and one who prophesizes in the name of an idol receive the death penalty of strangulation. Three other cases regarding false prophets are subject to death by the hands of God - one who suppresses a prophecy, one who does not listen to the instructions of a prophet, and a prophet who doesn't listen to their own prophecy. The Gemara brings examples from the Tanach for each of these six categories. A difficulty is raised against one who doesn't listen to the words of a prophet - how does the person know that the prophet is a real prophet? The answer is that this would only be true in a case where the person was already proven to be a true prophet. The Gemara brings examples of situations where it was clear that they needed to listen, such as Yitzchak at the akeida , as Avraham was already proven to be a true prophet. Also, Eliyahu at Mount Carmel was trusted already when he told the prophets of Baal to bring sacrifices outside the Temple. The Gemara digresses to the akeida story and brings two explanations to the verse introducing the section "And it was after these matters that God tested Avraham." The first explanation relates it to the celebration of Yitzchak's weaning and introduces the Satan character from Job as pushing God to test Avraham. The second explanation connects it to the circumcision of Yishmael and Yitzchak and to sibling rivalry. Rabbi Shimon and the rabbis disagree about which penalty is given to a prophet who tries to sway the people to worship idols and a person who sways an entire city to worship idols.…

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Sahendrin 88 - Shabbat Shushan Purim - March 15, 15 Adar 43:15

10 weeks ago43:15

43:15

Today's daf is sponsored by Amy Goldstein in loving memory of her grandmother, Ann Barnett on her yahrzeit. "Her strength kept us going and she maintained her dedication to seeking knowledge all the days of her life." How do all the cases in the previous braita accord with Rabbi Meir's opinion that a rebellious elder can only be in a case that can lead to a prohibition of karet ? In what way does a rebellious elder need to disagree with the court in order to be convicted? Rav Kahana rules that only if he dares to disagree based on his own logic with a tradition of the rabbis of the court, he is convicted. Rabb Elazar disagrees and says that the purpose of convicting a rebellious elder is to prevent debates and therefore any disagreement of any sort will lead to a conviction. Two sources (one of them from our Mishna) are brought to raise a difficulty with Rav Kahane's position and the second is left unresolved. What is the hierarchy of the courts? How were judges chosen? The rebellious elder is convicted only if he either goes back and teaches against the ruling of the High Court and he himself acts according to his ruling or people follow his ruling. A difficulty is raised on the former possibility as if he follows his own ruling, he should already be liable for the death penalty for the action, not for being a rebellious elder. The Gemara offers a few possibilities to resolve this difficulty. The Mishna explains that there is a stringency with Rabbinic law for a rebellious elder - if he tells people to go against Torah law, he is not convicted, but if he differs from the court regarding the rabbinic definition of a Torah law and adds to it, like five compartments in the tefillin , he can be convicted. Rav Oshaya says that this would be the only possible case. Why not the four species? Why not tzitzit ?…

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Sanhedrin 87 - Purim - March 14, 14 Adar 41:50

10 weeks ago41:50

41:50

Today's daf is sponsored by Devorah & Binyamin Radomsky on the occasion of the Bat Mitzva of their daughter Tamar. Today's daf is sponsored by Daphne Lazar Price " Excited to meet fellow Daf learners at the upcoming JOFA conference in NYC!" The verse describing a rebellious elder in Devarim 17:8 is extrapolated in a braita, explaining what types of cases could lead to a rebellious elder situation, as well as other related issues. Three different opinions are presented regarding what categories of disagreements would cause a rebellious elder to incur the death penalty: disagreement about Torah law, disagreement about matters punishable by karet, or about a rabbinic interpretation of Torah law, or even a very minor point of interpretation. How do all the cases in the previous braita align with Rabbi Meir's opinion that a rebellious elder can only be liable in a case that involves a prohibition punishable by karet?…

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Sanhedrin 86 - Taanit Esther - March 13, 13 Adar 46:45

10 weeks ago46:45

46:45

This daf is sponsored by Miriam Adler in loving memory of her mother whose first yahrzeit is today. "When I started this round of daf yomi in January 2020, my Mom who was 98 years old at the time, told me that she’d like to celebrate the siyum with me! She made it to Bava Metzia. We hope to carry on her optimism and love of family and Am Yisrael ." Today's daf is sponsored by Sara Berelowitz. "May the learning of the daf be in memory of my dear mother-in-law, Sarah Berelowitz, Sarah Teyuva bat David Shlomo, on her sixth yahrzeit. We miss you Granny. Yehi zichra baruch ." If one kidnapped a person and sold them to the father/brother of the kidnapped, is the kidnapped liable the death penalty? One who kidnaps one's own son, there is a debate between Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yochanan ben Broka and the rabbis. On what basis do the rabbis exempt? The Torah mentions the prohibition to steal in the Ten Commandments and in Vayikra Chapter 19. From the context of each section, it is evident which one refers to kidnapping and and which refers to stealing objects. Since there are two actions involved in kidnapping in order to be convicted (kidnapping and selling), could two witnesses testify that one kidnapped and a different two testify that one sold? Would that be considered two separate testimonies that each stands alone or is each only half a testimony? If it is half a testimony, there is a debate between Chizkiya and Rabbi Yochanan about whether partial testimony is acceptable or not. How does the case of kidnapping compare to a rebellious son, where there are also two stages - as first witnesses testify that he ate and drank, he is flogged and then if he repeats the offense in the presence of witnesses he is killed? What is the procedure for convicting one as a rebellious elder, zaken mamre ?…

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Sanhedrin 85 - March 12, 12 Adar 47:59

10 weeks ago47:59

47:59

This month's learning is sponsored by Fally Klein "in honor of "Klein birthday month" where each of our children have celebrated a milestone coming of age: Shimi, an adult at eighteen, Dassa, a mature and beautiful sixteen, Yedidya, at three with his upsherin , And, of course, Elimelech whose bar mitzvah is today. May we have the merit to see them all grow in their Torah, avodat Hashem , and ahavat Yisrael ." This week's learning is sponsored by Sarah Zahavi in loving memory of her great-grandmother, Sarah bat Shlomo v'Chana. Today's daf is sponsored by Adam Plunka in loving memory of Moshe ben David, Rav Moshe Feinstein, zt"l. Is one allowed to perform a medical procedure on a parent? Is one allowed to administer lashes in the court or cursing (during the process of excommunication) to a parent as a messenger of the court? Does the commandment not to curse or hit a parent apply to those who are no longer "part of the nation" as they have sinned? Do they apply after death? Is there a distinction between hitting and cursing regarding these two issues? To be liable the death penalty for kidnapping, one must kidnap, exploit, and selling the person into slavery.…

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Sanhedrin 84 - March 11, 11 Adar 41:40

11 weeks ago41:40

41:40

Study Guide Sanhedrin 84 This week’s learning is sponsored by Sara Averick and Jose Rosenfeld in memory of Sara’s father, Dr. Nathan J. Averick, נפתלי יוסף בן חיים ניסן הלוי ונחמה, who gazed at the heavens above the Pacific as a WWII merchant marine and recognized the בורא עולם. Thank you Dad. Today's daf is sponsored by Betsy Mehlman in loving memory of her father Harold Mondshein, Zvi Menachem Mendel ben Shlomo z"l, on his 42nd yahrzeit. "He would be so proud of all his grandchildren and sabra great grandchildren in Israel." The Gemara derives the last few halachot mentioned in the braita quoted on the previous page which delineated which acts relating to teruma and the Temple obligate one in death by the hands of God or just a regular negative commandment (lashes). They also elaborate on the debate in the mishna regarding a stranger who works in the temple and what punishment he gets. The tenth perek begins with a list of who gets killed by strangulation and starts to delve into the first one - one who hits one's parents. What type of hitting is referred to? What if it is done for healing purposes?…

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Sanhedrin 83 - March 10, 10 Adar 47:16

11 weeks ago47:16

47:16

Study Guide Sanhedrin 83 Today's daf is sponsored by Sylvia Klein in loving memory of her father, Sherman Israel Klein, Shnayor Yisrael ben Yerachmiel v'Sara, on his yahrzeit. "May his neshama have an aliyah." Rav Sheshet answered Rav Acha that a kohen who served while in a state of impurity does not receive the punishment of death by the hands of God. After they challenged him from our Mishna, they brought two more challenges against him. They resolved one of them, but the final challenge remained unresolved because they quoted a braita where it explicitly states that a priest who served in a state of impurity is liable to the punishment of death by the hands of God. The braita mentioned various other cases where someone would receive the punishment of death by the hands of God. The Gemara goes through each case and finds the source in the Torah for each matter.…

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Sanhedrin 82 - March 9, 9 Adar 47:20

11 weeks ago47:20

47:20

Today's daf is sponsored by Avi Yonitzman for finishing Mashechet Shekalim. "I've now closed the gap from Berakhot to Shekalim and may we be zoche to finishing the 14th cycle together." Today's daf is sponsored for a refuah shleima to Pesha Etel bat Sara. If a man engages in intercourse with a gentile woman, a zealot can kill him if they are still engaged in the act. Rav Kahana asked Rav what punishment is given if a zealot did not kill him at the time of the act. Rav did not remember, but Rav Kahana heard a verse from Malachi 2:11 in a dream and when he recounted it to Rav, Rav remembered that the person gets karet , death by the hands of God. Rabbi Chiya bar Avuya taught that one who engages in relations with a gentile woman is as if he married an idol, as he derived from the verse Rav Kahana heard in his dream. He also brought a story about the skull of Yehoyakim that would not be buried and was subsequently burned, which he derived from a verse in Yirmiyahi 22:19. The Hasmonean court made a decree that one who engages in relations with a gentile woman could be liable for four violations. Rav Dimi and Ravin disagreed about which four. Both Rav Chisda and Rabbi Yochanan explained that even though a zealot can kill a man who engages in relations with a gentile woman, if one consults with the court about it, the court will not tell the person to kill. The person is also not permitted to kill once the couple is no longer engaged in relations. And if the man engaged in relations kills the zealot, he is not liable as the zealot is considered a rodef . The Gemara recounts the story of Pinchas killing Zimri and Cosbi and elaborates on the details provided in the Torah. Rav Acha asked Rav Sheshet is a kohen who serves while impure punished by death by the hands of God? Can the answer be found in our Mishna?…

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Sanhedrin 81 - Shabbat March 8, 8 Adar 44:07

11 weeks ago44:07

44:07

Today's daf is sponsored by the Tannenbaum family in loving memory of Miriam's father Yaakov Yitzchak ben Moshe Nachum haLevi on his 21st yahrzeit "He raised his family with the positive ethos of אבא, כתיב בתורה כך. Yehi zichro baruch !" If one sees one's father doing something wrong, what is the proper language one should use to correct one's father? If one is supposed to get two death penalties for two separate actions or for one action involving two prohibitions, the ruling goes by the harsher death penalty. Rabbi Yosi disagrees in the latter case and holds that it goes by the one that was first prohibited to the person. What is the source for the former? The Mishna explains that if one sins and gets lashes and then sins again, the third time they are put into a kipa , a small cell, and fed barley until their innards explode and they die. The Gemara limits this to a case of a sin punishable by karet, death in the hands of God, and explains that since the person is actually considered like a dead person since they have a death penalty hanging over them, which allows for the law of kipa to go into effect. Is the Mishna like Rebbi only who holds that one creates a chazaka after two times, or can it be explained according to Rashbag as well? Ravina explains it according to Rashbag, as the chazaka is created by the sins, not the lashes, which are repeated three times. A difficulty is raised against Ravina's explanation, but is resolved. What is the source in Tanach for the law of kipa ? A murderer who can't be convicted also is put in a kipa. The sages offer various possibilities of a murderer for whom this would be relevant. There are certain transgressions that do not need to be ruled in court, but a zealous person who is on the scene is permitted to take the law into his/her own hands and kill the person. In what situations?…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 80 - March 7, 7 Adar 41:58

11 weeks ago41:58

41:58

Today's daf is sponsored by Judy Schwartz in loving memory of her father Chaskel Tydor, R. Yechezkel Shraga ben R. Yehuda Leib Halevi and Esther on his 32nd yahrzeit. "A Torah scholar who survived Auschwitz and Buchenwald, founded "Kibbutz Buchenwald" after the war, and merited living in Eretz Yisrael. He would have been amazed and happy to know that his youngest daughter and two granddaughters learn Daf Yomi with Hadran." Today's daf is sponsored by Adam Plunka in loving memory of Moshe ben Amram, "Moshe Rabbenu". Rava challenges the two previous interpretations of the Mishna, citing a contradictory braita. He offers a third explanation with supporting evidence. According to Rava, the two opinions in the Mishna address different scenarios: the tanna kama discusses a case where an arrow was shot from between two people, making it impossible to identify who shot it. Both individuals are exempt from punishment, even if one is known to be righteous. Rabbi Yehuda, however, refers to a case of a bull that killed someone and then was mixed up with other bulls. Since all these bulls are now forbidden for use, they are all placed in a kipa (small enclosure) until they die. A braita is presented that supports Rava's interpretation of the Mishna. The first section discusses a pregnant cow that kills a person and is sentenced to stoning. The status of its unborn calf depends on whether the verdict was issued before or after birth. This appears to be independent of when the cow became pregnant, which doesn't make sense in light of Rava's statement that if the cow was pregnant at the time of killing, the offspring shares responsibility since it is considered part of the cow. The Gemara initially suggests the pregnancy occurred after the verdict, but rejects this solution. The conclusion is that the pregnancy happened after the killing but before the verdict was issued. Does a warning to a potential transgressor need to specify the exact type of death penalty they would face? Rav Yehuda amends his father's version of the Mishna regarding people sentenced to stoning who were mixed up with those sentenced to burning, explaining that without this correction, Rabbi Shimon's language in the Mishna would be implausible. Had the original version been correct, Rabbi Shimon would likely have offered a different explanation altogether.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 79 - March 6, 6 Adar 44:43

11 weeks ago44:43

44:43

Study Guide Sanhedrin 79 Today's daf is sponsored by Amy Goldstein in loving memory of her grandfather, Ben Goldstein on his yahrzeit. What type of intent is needed in order for one to receive the death penalty for murder? Rabbi Shimon has a unique approach, that one only gets capital punishment if one intends to kill that particular person. The rabbis disagree but also have their own set of criteria. Rabbi Shimon derives his opinion from the verse in Devraim 19:11, "and he ambushes him and stands up against him and kills him." The rabbis derive a different law from that verse - that if one throws a rock into a group of people and kills one of them, the murderer is not held liable. The Gemara tries to establish the exact case that the rabbis derive and conclude that it must be a case where there were nine Jews in the group and one gentile. The law is lenient here as even though the majority are Jews, if they are fixed, then the doubt is considered 50/50 and we are lenient in cases of capital punishment. After questioning Rabbi Shimon from a case in Shmot 21:22 when a pregnant woman is accidentally killed and the murderer is killed, the Gemara concludes that Rabbi Shimon must hold like Rebbi, that the murderer there is not actually killed, but needs to pay money. A third opinion is brought, of Chizkia, who rules that the murderer is not even obligated to pay, as the laws that we hold by the more severe punishment, and exempt from a less severe punishment apply even in cases where the death penalty could have potentially been there, but is not. If a murderer gets mixed up with a group of people and there is no way to identify who the murderer is, what can be done? The Mishna brings a debate between the rabbis and Rabbi Yehuda. Three different interpretations are brought to explain the case that they are debating.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 78 - March 5, 5 Adar 39:41

11 weeks ago39:41

39:41

This week's learning is sponsored by Anne Rubin. "I would like to thank two people that have had the greatest influence on my Jewish life and learning in the most recent years. Michelle Farber who has become my study partner through her podcast since I started Daf Yomi in January 2020. I have not missed a day of reading or listening. And to Rabbi Elliot Cosgrove who has inspired me in more ways than I can say in reconnecting with my Jewish soul." Today's daf is sponsored by Judith Weil in memory of Rabbi Eliahu Chaim Greenberg, z"l on his 50th yahrzeit, this past Monday. "My grandfather was an ilui who grew up in difficult circumstances. He didn’t know how to tell you he loved you in words, so he’d tell you by sitting you down to learn a daf of Gemara together. Yehi zichro baruch ." Today's daf is sponsored by Rhona Fink in loving memory of her brother-in-law Michael Desroches who passed away February 26th. "Michael was a self-described Christian Zionist, devoted to Israel and the future of the Jewish people." If a group of people beat up one person to death, none of them receive the death penalty. But if they beat them one after another, there is a debate whether no one receives the death penalty, or the last one does, as the last person brought the death upon them sooner. How does each interpret the verse in Vayikra 24:17 differently? What are the laws regarding a person who is a treifa - one who is assessed to die within twelve months - what if a person like that is killed, kills, or testifies against another? If one puts a snake up to another's body to bite, is the person killed or is the snake killed? The rabbis and Rabbi Yehuda disagree? On what basis? If one hits another and is assessed to die but then recovers somewhat and then subsequently dies, can the one who hit be killed as punishment for the death or not? Rabbi Nechamia and the rabbis disagree. How does each interpret the verse in Shmot 21: 19 differently?…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 77 - March 4, 4 Adar 34:43

12 weeks ago34:43

34:43

The rabbis discuss various cases of indirect murder and establish in which situations one is liable for indirectly murdering another and in which cases one is exempt.

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 76 - March 3, 3 Adar 45:37

12 weeks ago45:37

45:37

Presentation If we compare a man's relatives to his wife's relatives, as was stated in the braita quoted earlier, then just as his daughter-in-law is forbidden, why isn't his wife's daughter-in-law forbidden to him? Abaye and Rava each explain differently why the comparison would not work for this case. What is the source for deriving that a man's daughter from rape or out of wedlock would be forbidden by penalty of burning? Where is the negative commandment for this in the Torah? Three different answers are brought. The last opinion derived the negative prohibition from Vayikra 19:29 "Do not disgrace your daughter to zenut ." That verse also teaches that a father can't sell his daughter to be a prostitute. How are two things derived from the same verse? Rava and Abaye, who do not derive the original law (forbidding a father to his daughter from rape) from here, derive another law from here, that a father cannot marry of his daughter to an old man, as that may lead her to commit adultery. Other statements are brought to prevent a father from marrying or not marrying off his daughter out of self-interest. Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Yishmael disagree about how to interpret the verse regarding the death penalty for a man who engages in sexual relations with his wife and mother-in-law. It says in the verse that he dies and they die. To who is "they" referring? Rava and Abaye explain their debate in two different manners. Who gets punished by decapitation by the sword? A murderer and members of an idolatrous city ( ir hanidachat ). If one prevents another from getting out of the water and they drown, the murderer is liable, but if one pushes another into the water and the person can get out, but instead they die, the one who pushed the person in, is exempt.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 75 - March 2, 2 Adar 47:00

12 weeks ago47:00

47:00

The Gemara tells of a man who was dangerously ill due to his unfulfilled sexual desires with a particular woman. The doctors determined he would die unless these desires were satisfied. When consulted, the rabbis ruled that even allowing the man to merely be in the presence of the woman he desired was forbidden. The Gemara discusses whether this woman was married or single, and examines why the rabbis took such a strict position in this life-threatening situation. The Gemara then discusses which relatives are liable to the punishment of death by burning. It examines which of these forbidden relationships are explicitly stated in the Torah and which are derived through interpretation. A debate between Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Yishmael centers on whether the prohibition against relations with one's grandmother-in-law (punishable by burning) is explicitly stated in the Torah or derived through rabbinic interpretation. A braita is presented that lists three categories of forbidden relationships, all derived from the case of relations with a mother-in-law. Due to the braita's complex language, the Gemara carefully analyzes each section, clarifying its meaning and specifying which forbidden relationships fall under each category. The Gemara raises a logical challenge based on the second category of the braita: if relations with one's grandmother-in-law are forbidden, shouldn't relations with one's own grandmother be forbidden as well? However, it is established that relations with one's grandmother are not prohibited. Both Abaye and Rava offer explanations for why this logical extension does not apply and why one cannot derive a prohibition against relations with one's grandmother from this case.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 74 - 2nd Day Rosh Chodesh Adar - March 1, 1 Adar 41:45

12 weeks ago41:45

41:45

Two more answers (altogether five) are brought to reconcile the contradiction between the braita and the Mishna in Ketubot 29a. From where does Rabbi Yonatan ben Shaul learn that if one can neutralize the pursuer, one is not allowed to kill him? When one is pursuing another and either the pursuer, the pursued or the one trying to stop the pursuer causes damage - who is exempt from payment and who is liable to pay? Why? What is the basis for the opinions of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai and his son Rabbi Eliezer who add more cases to the list where one can kill one who is about to commit a certain transgression? Rabbi Yochanan quotes Rabbi Shimon ben Yehotzadak saying that the rabbis sat in an attic in Lod and ruled that if one is threatened by death unless they transgress one of the commandments, they should transgress the commandment and not be killed, as the commandments were given to "live by them." However, there are three exceptions to the rule - idol worship, inappropriate sexual relations and murder ( yehareg v'al yaavor ). What is the source for the three exceptions? There are also certain circumstances in which one must give oneself over to be killed rather than transgress any commandment - if it is in public and if it is a time of religious persecution. What is the definition of public? How was Esther permitted to engage in relations with Achashverosh if it was public? Rava and Abaye each provide an answer. Are Bnei Noach also commanded to give themselves over to be killed if asked to transgress one of the Noahide laws in public?…

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Sanhedrin 73 - 1st Day Rosh Chodesh Adar - February 28, 30 Shvat 41:23

12 weeks ago41:23

41:23

The Mishna discusses the laws of a rodef (pursuer), addressing when it is permissible to kill someone pursuing another person – either to kill or to rape. A fundamental question emerges: Is this permission based on preventing the pursuer from committing a grave offense, or is it specifically aimed at protecting the potential victim? The Mishna rules that one is not about to pursue one who is going to commit idolatry, violate Shabbat or engage in bestiality. Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai and his son Rabbi Elazar extended this rule to include some of these cases. The Gemara examines several potential scriptural sources for the law permitting the killing of a rodef who intends to murder someone. After rejecting two initial suggestions, the law is ultimately derived through a hekeish (textual comparison) involving the rape of a betrothed young woman. The Gemara then explores which verses establish the obligation to save someone facing mortal danger, whether from drowning, wild animal attacks, or armed assailants. A braita expands upon the Mishna's teachings, and the Gemara provides derivations for the various categories where the law of rodef applies. Two additional cases from the braita are analyzed in detail: First, the debate between the rabbis and Rabbi Yehuda regarding a woman who, facing imminent rape, fears that intervention could lead to her death and therefore tells potential rescuers not to intervene. Second, the Gemara addresses an apparent contradiction between this braita and a Mishna in Ketubot 29a, offering several resolutions to reconcile the texts.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 72 - February 27, 29 Shvat 46:18

12 weeks ago46:18

46:18

This week's learning is sponsored by Nira Feldman in loving memory of her mother Faye Darack z"l. "A devoted Hadran learner, she approached each day with a renewed curiosity to learn and grow, she continues to inspire us each day." Today's daf is sponsored by Phyllis & Yossie Hecht in loving memory of Phyllis’s father’s, HaRav Yerachmiel Binyanim ben Zalman Tzvi Witkin on his 16th yahrzeit, “Jerry Witkin, the יושר לב, חבר לכל רואך וכל כך שמח בחלקו. We can only imagine the pride Dad must feel peeking down on his impactful legacy of 6 children, 28 grandchildren and continuous growth of great-grandchildren living lives of Am Yisrael b'Eretz Yisrael im Torat Yisrae l! Dad, you are so missed and we have been so blessed. Yehi Zichro Baruch .” Today’s daf is sponsored by Rabbi Art Gould in loving memory of Carol’s mother, Irma Robinson, Hudda Bat Moshe on her 8th yahrzeit. “Irma built a rich life in the Chicago area. She loved to have the family over for special events. Sadly, four years after she was widowed, Irma developed Alzheimer’s. Carol and her sister Debbie were blessed that though her illness progressed, she never forgot who they were.” She and Carol are together in a different world, and this dedication will always remain the same. Today's daf is sponsored by Naomi Cohen. "Mazal Tov to Jack, Rivka, Itzik and Yoni on the birth of a daughter and sister, Elisheva bat Yaakov v'Rivka, Ella - with love from Mum and Dad/Savta and Sabba." Assumptions are made about a rebellious child regarding the course his future will take and therefore he is killed to prevent him from sinning further. Similar assumptions are also made regarding a robber - the assumption is that a robber will come to kill if the owner of the house stands up against the robber, and therefore it is permitted to kill a robber. The Gemara discusses the circumstances in which one can assume the robber is coming to kill. Additionally, if at the time of the robbery the robber is viewed as a pursuer, there is a "death penalty" on the robber. Therefore, the robber is exempt from damages caused to property because of the law that if one incurs two punishments simultaneously, one is exempt from the more lenient one. Rav takes this even further to say a robber who can be killed is exempt from returning the stolen items. Rava disagrees and only exempts the robber if the item is broken or gone. Our Mishna is brought to support Rava's interpretation. Another source is brought to raise a difficulty against Rava's position. The difficulty is resolved. Other drashot are brought on the verses regarding robbery, including laws that one can even kill a robber on Shabbat, in any way they want, and anyone can kill the robber, not only the one being robbed. Two different drashot highlight why the verse specifically brought the example of a robber in a machteret , i.e. breaking in, even though the law would also apply to one who climbs up to the roof or enters the courtyard (easily). One explains that it is the typical manner of robbers, while the other learns from here that one who breaks in is already considered forewarned and no warning is necessary before killing the robber. Rav Huna rules that a minor pursuer can be killed as well, as there is no need for a warning. Rav Chisda raised a difficulty from a Mishna in Ohalot 7:6 that if the mother's life is endangered during childbirth, if the head has emerged, one cannot kill the baby to save the mother, even if the baby is acting like a pursuer. The resolution is that the baby is not intending to kill the mother, as it is an act of God. In the earlier part of that Mishna it is explained that before the head has emerged, one can abort the fetus if it is causing risk to the mother, as the life of the mother takes precedence to an unborn fetus. A braita is brought to support Rav Huna's position and another is brought to contradict. However, both are rejected as inconclusive.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 71 - February 26, 28 Shvat 46:47

12 weeks ago46:47

46:47

Today’s daf is sponsored by Rabbi Art Gould in loving memory of Art’s mother Shirley, Sarah bat Avraham v’Ziche Reicha on her 9th yahrzeit. “She was a life-long learner, a striver, she sewed and made mosaics. Once her three children were old enough, she went back to school, earned a master’s degree, created a new career doing social work and counseling, and published four books on raising a family. She lives on in the tallitot and quilts she made. Today's daf is sponsored by Deborah Aschheim Weiss is loving memory of Elsie Muller on her 30th yahrtzeit. "Elsie was a family friend, 50 years my senior. She had no children of her own, so she adopted my family as hers. We were close friends and we confided in each other. She devoted her retirement to Jewish causes and would be very proud of her adopted children and grandchildren in Israel and USA." Today's daf is sponsored by Tina Lamm in loving memory of her mother, Peppy Senders, Pesha Rivka bat Gershon HaCohen and Bina, on her yahrzeit. "It has been 21 years, and my mother's wisdom, kindness and patience are still my North Star." Today's daf is sponsored by the Shuster family in loving memory of Ozer's mother Devora bat Yisroel. "May her devotion to Torah and mitzvot be a merit to the entire Jewish people." A rebellious son will only be convicted if he steals money from his father and eats in the domain of others, as only in that situation will it be likely that the son continue to act in this way. Why? Rabbi Yosi son of Rabbi Yehuda rules that he must steal from both parents. Since the wife does not generally own her own property, two explanations are brought to understand his opinion. Both parents have to agree to bring the son to the court. Rabbi Yehuda adds that if the mother is not worthy for the father, the son cannot be convicted. The Gemara establishes the meaning of his statement - they must have the same voice, height, and look alike. This is derived from the verse in the Torah, Devarim 21:20 "he doesn't listen to our voice." The braita that says that a rebellious son never existed, nor will it ever exist, presumably accords with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, as it is impossible to find a couple who are identical in appearance, voice, and height. Rabbi Shimon also agrees that a rebellious son never happened and never will. Rabbi Yonatan disagrees and says he sat on his grave. There is a similar debate about an ir hanidachat , a city that all worship idols, and a leprous house. The Mishna also excludes any case where one of the parents is lame, mute, blind, etc. as the parents will be unable to complete the process as defined in the Torah. Can we infer from here that when the Torah describes how a process is supposed to happen, it must be done exactly in that way? After the son steals and eats meat and wine in a large quantity, the parents bring the son to a court of three judges and he is flogged. If he continues in his ways, he is brought to a court of twenty-three and judged to be stoned. The obligation to flog is derived by means of a gezeira shava from the word " v'yisru " by the one who slanders his wife (Devarim 22:18) to that same word in the rebellious son (Devarim 21:18) and from " ben " to " ben " (Devarim 25:2) in the verse regarding lashes. If the son is brought to court but then runs away and by the time they catch him, he is no longer within the age range of one who can be killed for being a rebellious child, can he be executed? It depends on whether he was convicted before he ran away. Rabbi Chanina rules that a ben Noah who curses God and then converts is not convicted as the laws for judging him and the death penalty have changed. Four sources, including the two parts of our Mishna, regarding a rebellious son who aged out before the ruling/execution, are brought to prove or disprove this ruling, but all comparisons are rejected. A rebellious son is killed because of the concern for where these actions will lead him in the future.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 70 - February 25, 27 Shvat 46:53

13 weeks ago46:53

46:53

This week's learning is sponsored by Minna and Cliff Felig in honor of their newborn twin grandchildren Naveh and Lia. "Naveh is an oasis, safe space, in the desert. Lia means God is with me. We wish for them a safe space to protect them and that God will be with them at all times." Today’s daf is sponsored by Art Gould in loving memory of Art’s father Joseph, Yosef ben Shlomo Shabtai v’Rachel on his 24rd yahrzeit. “My father was an ordinary man of extraordinary dignity, decency and dedication. He loved to watch my brother and I play on the tennis courts directly opposite our living room window. One day he came out and shocked us both with a huge, booming, topspin forehand. We didn’t know he played! I wish we had had more time together.” Today's daf is sponsored by Harriet Hartman in loving memory of her parents, Binyamin ben Ze’ev v’Hinda Yosepha and Fruma bat Nachum Natan v’Ester, whose yahrzeits are 4 days apart, 23 and 27 Shvat. "They would have supported and admired my learning." Why is a daughter not able to be judged as a rebellious child? To be convicted as a rebellious son, he must eat a certain amount of meat and drink a certain amount of wine. However, there are also specific conditions regarding the type of meat/wine, the nature of the meal, the company present, and other factors. If he is eating as part of a seudat mitzva (ritual meal) or consuming forbidden food, he is not liable. The dangers of wine are discussed through the lens of various stories and texts in the Tanach, including those about Adam, Noah, and the rebuke of King Solomon by his mother in Proverbs Chapter 31. However, wine also has beneficial qualities, as it can help soothe the pain of those who are suffering. There is a debate between Rav and Shmuel about what Ham, Noah's son, did to him after Noah became drunk. One says he castrated him, while the other maintains that he sodomized him, with each sage providing textual support for their position. Some hold that the tree of knowledge was a grapevine, emphasizing the negative aspects of wine. Others claim it was either a wheat plant or a fig tree. King Solomon's mother rebuked him and bound him to a pillar to be flogged for pursuing earthly pleasures that led him to sin, much like a rebellious son. Details regarding the cases in the Mishna where a rebellious son is not liable are discussed, explained, and compared to other sources that appear to contradict some of the situations mentioned in the Mishna. These contradictions are ultimately resolved.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 69 - February 24, 26 Shvat 47:10

13 weeks ago47:10

47:10

Today's daf is sponsored by Elisheva Gray in loving memory of Gidi Nahshon, z''l, Yoel Melech ben Moshe v'Sarah, on his tenth yahrzeit. "Gidi was a wonderful mentor, friend and chevruta. He made Aliyah to Israel from Prague and was in the IDF during both the 1967 and Yom Kippur wars. I feel his presence in my Daf Yomi studies every day, and I am grateful that he passed on to me his d'vekut for Israel and for Torah. May his neshama have an aliyah." Today's daf is sponsored by Miri Darchi in loving memory of her father Aharon Shimon ben David and Malka Tzirel. Abaye raises a difficulty against Rabba's position, that males before reaching maturity cannot father a child, from a verse in the Torah regarding a man who engages in relations with a shifcha harufa . The drasha on that verse includes a male over the age of nine. However, the difficulty is resolved, as this is not an indicator that the child can impregnate a woman at that age. Another difficulty is raised against Rabba from a braita of Rabbi Yishmael that derives an exemption for a ben sorer u'moreh who himself is a father - how could he be a father if he did not impregnate the woman before reaching maturity, since according to Rabbi Kruspedai, there is only a three-month window after reaching maturity to be a ben sorer u'moreh ? This is resolved as well by explaining Rabbi Yishmael's drasha as the source for Rabbi Kruspedia's ruling - the three months is based on the fact that the child could potentially be called a father within three months of reaching maturity as his wife could become pregnant and would be showing it after the first three months. Rabbi Kruspedai's opinion is based on the majority of women who give birth at nine months and begin showing at three months and doesn't consider a woman who gives birth at seven months and would be showing at two and a third months. Could this prove that woman who gives birth at seven months also begins showing at three months and not at a third of her pregnancy (two and a third months)? This suggestion is rejected as he follows the majority. However, is that really true? This contradicts the concept that in capital law we try to find any possible way to exonerate the accused from the verse "and the congregation shall save." Two Mishnayot are brought to prove that we do follow the majority even in capital cases, but the second one is rejected as it can be explained differently. Beit Shamai and Beit Hillel disagree about a mother who has an incomplete sexual encounter with her minor son. Does this disqualify her from marrying a kohen, as she could be considered a zona from the interaction? Rav Chisda (either quoted someone else or he was quoted by someone else) explains that they all agree if the child was nine, that she would become disqualified, and if he was younger than eight, then she would not. Their disagreement is about a child who is between eight and nine, as in the days of the Tanach men were able to father children at eight, even though already in the time of the tannaim, this was no longer the situation. The debate is whether we learn from those times or follow what is true presently. What is the source that in the times of the Tanach men fathered children at age eight? At first, they try to prove from Shlomo, as his great grandfather Achitofel was twenty-six years older than him. However, this proof is rejected, as the lineage includes Bat-Sheva who was a woman and she could have been younger, and the men were older. The second attempt is brought from Avraham and Sara, but this is rejected as well as it is not clear whether Avraham was older than Sara's father, Haran or younger. The final proof comes from Bezalel who was the great-grandson of Caleb, who was twenty-six years older than him. If two years are deducted due to three pregnancies, then the remainder of the twenty-four years prove that each father was eight years old at the birth of his son. Why are girls exempted from being a ben sorer u'moreh ?…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 68 - February 23, 25 Shvat 44:13

13 weeks ago44:13

44:13

Today's daf is dedicated in memory of Shiri Bibas and in honor of the release of Tal Shoham, Omer Shem Tov, Omer Wenkert, and Eliya Cohen who returned to Israel after 505 days, and Avera Mengistu and Hisham Al-Sayed who returned after being held for a decade. Wishing them a refuah shleima and praying for the safe release of the rest of the hostages. The Mishna quoted Rabbi Akiva who said in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua that two people can gather cucumbers - one uses sorcery and will be liable, and the other who makes it look like they are gathered, but they are not really, is exempt. The Gemara brings the story of the death of Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus to question this, as in the context of that dramatic story, a different incident is recounted where Rabbi Eliezer shows Rabbi Akiva how using magic one can gather cucumbers. Upon his death, the rabbis wanted to see if Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrkanus changed his mind and if they could repeal the ex-communication they had placed upon him. However, he was still strongly holding onto his position. But since the word "pure" (*tahara*) was on his lips as he died, they took it as a sign that they could repeal the ex-communication. A rebellious son, ben sorer u'moreh , can only be convicted if he has reached puberty and until he has significant hair growth by his genitals. Rav Yehuda in the name of Rav derives this from the verse in the Torah regarding a rebellious son that juxtaposes the words son and man. Rav Chisda learns a different drasha from that verse, that if the father of the child was a minor when the son was born, he cannot become a rebellious son. How can both be derived from the verse? Rabba disagrees with Rav Chisda as he holds that a minor is not capable of fathering a child.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 67 - Shabbat February 22, 24 Shvat 36:08

13 weeks ago36:08

36:08

Study Guide Sanhedrin 67 Today's daf is sponsored by Aviva Appleman Jacobowitz in loving memory of Joseph Appleman, Yosef Ben Hillel, on his second yahrzeit. "May his neshama have an aliya!" Today's daf is sponsored by Miki Kadosh in loving memory of her father, Daniel ben Avraham. What distinguishes between two types of idol worship inciters: a meisit , who persuades individuals to worship idols, and a meidiach , who leads an entire city to idol worship? There is a unique legal provision regarding a meisit : witnesses may be hidden to observe when the meisit attempts to convince someone to worship idols - a practice not permitted for any other violation of law. The Mishna states that a meisit can only be a regular person, but what case does this specification exclude? Furthermore, is this Mishna ruling consistent only with Rabbi Shimon's interpretation, or can it also align with the position of the rabbis? What constitutes a mechashef (sorcerer)? The Mishna provides a detailed classification of which actions qualify as sorcery and which do not. Why does the Torah use mechashefa , the feminine form of this term? What is the scriptural source indicating that a mechashef is executed by stoning? What is the linguistic origin of the word mechashef ? Several stories involving people who used magic are recounted.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 66 - February 21, 23 Shvat 47:25

13 weeks ago47:25

47:25

This week's learning is sponsored by Ruth Rotenberg in loving memory of their eldest daughter Tanielle Gavre"ea Margalit on her 20th yahrzeit. "Hashem gifted us a beautiful neshama for 18 years. She remarkably accomplished so much, and so many continue to carry her passions and deeds." Today's daf is sponsored by Miki Kadosh in loving memory of her father, Daniel ben Avraham. Today's daf is sponsored by Judy Schwartz in loving memory of her mother Shirley K. Tydor, Sarah Raizel Bat Mordechai Yitzchak and Freida Sima, and her grandmother, Esther bat Sinai and Chaya. "My beloved mother had the zechut of living in Israel, my beloved grandmother, who I never knew, died of typhus in the Lodz ghetto. May their memories be a blessing." Today's daf is dedicated in memory of Ariel and Kfir Bibas, and Oded Lifshitz, and pray for the safe return of Ariel and Kfir's mother, Shiri. Our hearts are with the families. One who desecrates Shabbat gets stoned. What exceptions to the rule are there? One who curses one's father and mother gets stoned. However, this is limited to one who cursed them using the name of God. There is a debate about whether it is only if one uses the name of God and not a nickname. The verse regarding the punishment for this is extrapolated. The warning for this is derived from the verse in Shmot 22:27 from the prohibition to curse Elohim (either judges or God) and a Nasi . How is it derived from this verse? One who engages in sexual relations with a betrothed young woman receives the punishment of stoning. To receive this specific punishment, the woman must be a naara (the stage between a ketana and a bogeret ), virgin, betrothed, and still in her father's domain. If two men engage in relations with her, only the first is stoned, the second receives the typical punishment for adultery of strangulation. All these details are derived from verses in the Torah. The Mishna corresponds to the opinion of Rabbi Meir, as the rabbis disagree and obligate one even if the woman is younger, a ketana . There is a tannaitic debate between Rabbi Yonatan and Rabbi Yoshea about whether according to Rabbi Meir there is a punishment of strangulation for the man if the girl is under the age of a naara or if there would be no punishment at all. Each establishes his position using a verse from the Torah. What does each one derive from the verse supporting the other's opinion?…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 65 - February 20, 22 Shvat 45:25

13 weeks ago45:25

45:25

Study Guide Sanhedrin 65 Today's daf is dedicated to the Bibas and Lifschitz families on this difficult day. A baal ov and yidoni are punished by stoning. Baal ov raises the dead and they speak from between the baal ov 's armpits. Yidoni . a sorcerer, takes a bone from an animal called yadua and puts it in their mouth and it speaks. Why are baal ov and yidoni mentioned in this Mishna as receiving the punishment of stoning, but in the Mishna in Keritot only baal ov is mentioned for being obligated to bring a sin offering? Rabbi Yochanan and Reish Lakish offer two different answers. Their opinions are analyzed in the Gemara - why doesn't each hold by the other? What is considered an action? Generally one is only obligated for actions, according to the rabbis. How much of an action is needed to obligate one? Is moving one's lips an action? Bowing to an idol? Rabbi Akiva obligates even without an action - but does he include any non-action? Or does he have some minimal criteria? What are the differences between the different types of witchcraft/magic mentioned in the Torah?…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 64 - February 19. 21 Shvat 45:44

13 weeks ago45:44

45:44

Today's daf is sponsored by David and Ruth Leah Kahan in honor of Dr. Jody Dushay and Prof. Paul Gompers, in celebration of the birth of their first grandchild, Aidan Oz Shulman. Did the Jews worship idols because they believed in them or for other reasons? How is it that the evil inclination for idol worship doesn't exist anymore? A story, based on the elaboration on a verse in Zecharia is brought to illustrate how this transpired. How does one violate the prohibition to pass one's son or daughter to Molech? Is the Molech considered idol worship?…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 63 - February 18, 20 Shvat 46:19

14 weeks ago46:19

46:19

Today's daf is sponsored by Gabrielle and Daniel Altman in loving memory of Honorable Myriam Altman, Myriam Bat Shlomo z”l. “It’s been 20 years without her, and her love and wisdom still guides our every path.” Rabbi Ami held that if one does various forbidden acts of idol worship unwittingly and then realizes one's mistake, one is obligated to bring only one sin offering. Abaye explained the source for Rabbi Ami, "Do not worship them," but he disagreed with Rabbi Ami and held that one would need to offer separate sin offerings for each action. The Mishna rules that one receives the death penalty for saying to an idol, "You are my God." Rav Nachman quoted Rav as having said that also. The Gemara infers that Rav's statement must have referred to obligating one to bring a sacrifice, as the death penalty was already derived from the Mishna. They also explain that his opinion only accords with Rabbi Akiva's position in his disagreement with the rabbis (according to Reish Lakish's understanding of their debate) about whether one who curses God unwittingly can be obligated to bring a sin offering. The rabbis rule that since the person sinned with words only, there is no sin offering, while Rabbi Akiva disagrees. Rav's opinion is derived from a verse relating to the sin of the golden calf. The Gemara continues to bring a different drasha from the words in that verse Shmot 32:8, " heelucha " in plural, mentioning the idol and God, reflecting that the Jews did not reject God completely. However, there is a tannaitic debate regarding the meaning of the word in that context. The Mishna listed various actions for which one does not receive the death penalty. Does one get lashes for them? And if so, for which of the actions? There are two different traditions relating to this and each one is challenged as some fall into the category of a negative commandment that does not have an action (words only) and a negative commandment that includes many different prohibitions, both of which are exempt from lashes. The first version is rejected, but the second is explained according to the position of Rabbi Yehuda, who obligates one to receive lashes even for a negative commandment without an action. One cannot go into a partnership with an idol worshipper as it may cause the idol worshipped to vow in the name of the idol. One cannot mention the name of an idol, unless it is a name mentioned in the Tanach. Is idol worship something that people have a strong desire to do?…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 62 - February 17, 19 Shvat 47:23

14 weeks ago47:23

47:23

Today's daf is dedicated to the release of Sagui Dekel-Chen, Alexandre Troufanov, and Iair Horn after 498 days in captivity. Wishing them a refuah shleima and praying for the safe release of the rest of the hostages. Rabbi Zakai brought a braita which stated that one who performs multiple acts of idol worship in a single lapse of awareness is only liable for one sin offering. Rabbi Yochanan told him to teach this braita outside the study hall because the braita was corrupted. Rabbi Abba tried to justify Rabbi Zakai's words based on Rabbi Yosi's opinion in his dispute with Rabbi Natan regarding the laws of Shabbat - whether the prohibition of kindling fire was singled out as a negative commandment or to divide liability. However, Rav Yosef rejects this comparison as even Rabbi Yosi holds that if one does several actions in a single lapse of awareness, one will be liable to bring a sin offering for each one. The Gemara raises another difficulty and resolves it. Rav Shmuel bar Yehuda brought a different version of the braita that Rabbi Zakai had presented to Rabbi Yochanan, which also dealt with someone who performs multiple acts and is only liable for one sin offering. The Gemara brings four possible explanations to understand the braita, concluding with the final one, and explaining why Rabbi Yochanan did not accept this braita from Rabbi Zakai.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 61 - February 16, 18 Shvat 46:17

14 weeks ago46:17

46:17

Rabbi Yirmiya explains that there are two verses about idol worship - one about bowing and one about slaughtering - each teaching different principles. The verse about slaughtering teaches that if someone performs any Temple-like ritual for idols, they are punished by stoning, even if that's not the typical way to worship that particular idol. The verse about bowing teaches that bowing specifically is punishable even if it's not the usual way to worship that idol, while other acts are only punishable by stoning if done in the manner that particular idol is typically worshipped. Rava bar Rav Chanan challenges Rabbi Yirmiya's interpretation. He suggests the opposite - that we should learn from the bowing verse that any act of idol worship is forbidden regardless of whether it's the typical way of worship. He argues that this must be the only relevant verse, since the slaughtering verse could be teaching a different law: that someone who slaughters an animal for their own use but intends to use its blood for idol worship is liable for the death penalty. This challenge only works according to Reish Lakish's view that the animal remains permitted despite such intent, making the verse necessary to teach about the person's punishment. However, according to Rabbi Yochanan, who holds the animal becomes forbidden (based on the laws of pigul ), no verse would be needed to teach about punishing the person. Yet Rav Papa suggests the question works even according to Rabbi Yochanan's view. Rav Acha dismisses the entire question, arguing that both Rabbi Yochanan and Reish Lakish were only discussing the animal's status - the person's liability for the death penalty would clearly follow from the laws of pigul , making this verse unnecessary for that purpose. The Gemara raises and resolves two additional challenges to Rava bar Rav Chanan's question. Rava asks Rav Hamnuna about an apparent contradiction in our chapter's mishnayot : one Mishna indicates that while actual idol worship is forbidden, merely declaring an intention to worship is not, while another Mishna states that simply saying "I will worship idols" is enough to make one liable. Seven different resolutions are offered to resolve this contradiction. There's a debate about whether someone who worships idols out of love or fear for another person is liable. Rava and Abaye disagree on this point, with Abaye presenting three proofs to support his position that such a person is indeed liable.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 60 - Shabbat February 15, 17 Shvat 34:27

14 weeks ago34:27

34:27

Rabbi Shimon and Rabbi Eliezer each proposed an additional Noahide law – sorcery and kilayim (forbidden mixtures) respectively. From where did they derive this? . The Mishna details the courtroom procedure for cases involving blasphemy. It describes how witnesses testify about someone cursing God's name and how the judges must respond. Several key questions are examined: Which divine name must be blasphemed to incur the death penalty? What is the biblical source requiring judges to stand when hearing the testimony? What is the textual basis for the requirement to tear one's garments upon hearing God's name blasphemed? Is this rending of garments also required when hearing a non-Jew blaspheme? How is it permissible for a second witness to simply confirm "I heard the same" without repeating the blasphemous statement, when such indirect testimony is typically not accepted in Jewish courts? Which specific acts of idol worship are capital offenses and how these are derived from Torah verses? Which forms of idolatrous worship merit lashes rather than capital punishment for violating a negative commandment?…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 59 - February 14, 16 Shvat 44:33

14 weeks ago44:33

44:33

Rabbi Yochanan holds that a gentile is not permitted to learn Torah. He views it as part of the Noahide laws - either under theft or forbidden sexual relations. This is derived from Devraim 33:4 as the Torah is considered morasha , an inheritance, and that is either understood that it belongs exclusively to the Jewish people, or it is understood as a reference to meurasa , that we are betrothed to God. A contradiction to Rabbi Yochanan is brought from a statement of Rabbi Meir that a gentile who learns Torah is like a kohen gadol , a high priest. The resolution is to differentiate between learning the seven Noahide laws and the rest of the Torah. What is the source in the Torah for Rabbi Chanina ben Gamliel's position that blood from a live animal is forbidden as part of the Noahide laws? If a commandment was given to the sons of Noah and then repeated when the Torah was received, that is an indicator that the rule is meant both for the sons of Noah and for the Jewish people. But a commandment sons of Noah and then not repeated after the Torah was given, is meant to be for Jews only. this is Rabbi Chanina's position. First, the Gemara questions these rules as they seem counter-intuitive. After explaining the logic, they proceed to raise difficulties from actual commandments. Those, too, as resolved. Noach was permitted to eat meat but Adam was not. The Gemara raises four difficulties on this and through the questions, several interesting issues are raised including, why did the snake seduce Adam and Chava? What is the status of meat that falls from the sky - can it be presumed to be kosher?…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 58 - February 13, 15 Shvat 46:48

14 weeks ago46:48

46:48

Study Guide Sanhedrin 58 Today's daf is sponsored by David and Mitzi Geffen in loving memory of David's grandmother, Sara Hene Rabinowitz Geffen, on her Tu b'Shevat yahrzeit. "She and her husband, Rav Tuvia Geffen, Rabbi of Sherith Israel Synagogue in Atlanta for 60 years, brought up their eight children with love and learning. Seven of their grandchildren made aliyah and many great, great-great, and great-great-great grandchildren live in Israel." Rabbi Meir states that only forbidden relations that are punishable by death by the court are forbidden by Noahide laws. However, in a different braita it says that Rabbi Meir holds that certain forbidden relations not punishable by death in the court are forbidden to gentiles (sister through one's mother) and one that is punishable by death in the court is permitted to gentiles (father's wife). This is reconciled by explaining that there are two different versions of Rabbi Meir's position - one passed down by Rabbi Eliezer and one by Rabbi Akiva. Each derives his position from the verse in Bereishit 2:24, "Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother," implying that certain relations are forbidden to him. Several questions are asked of Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Akiva on each of their derivations, suggesting that perhaps they should have derived other prohibited relations instead. Other difficulties are raised against their positions (one against Rabbi Eliezer and two against Rabbi Akiva) from verses in the Torah from before the Torah was given - Amram who married Yocheved, Avraham's words to Avimelech about his relationship to Sara and why Adam did not marry his daughter, but gave her to Cain instead. All of the difficulties are resolved. Four laws are stated by different rabbis relating to either forbidden or permitted sexual relations regarding a gentile and one about the severity of the action of a gentile who hits a Jew. Three more laws are brought by Reish Lakish, the first one referring to the previous law by stressing the severity of one who even holds up one's hand to hit another. Other rabbis mention punishments or names that they would call a person who raises one's hand to hit another. The second law is that one who works hard cultivating one's land will have plenty of bread and one who does not, will not. The third is that a gentile must not rest on the Sabbath as they are commanded to work every day. Rava adds that even to make any day of the week into a day of rest would be forbidden.…

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Sanhedrin 57 - February 12, 14 Shvat 46:06

14 weeks ago46:06

46:06

Study Guide Sanhedrin 57 This week's learning is sponsored by Efrat Avraham for the refuah shleima of a very brave soldier, Itamar Avraham ben Merav. A braita from the school of Menashe taught a different version of the seven Noahide laws, replacing the establishment of courts and cursing God with the prohibitions of castration and forbidden mixtures ( kilayim ). From what verses in the Torah are these seven laws derived? A debate follows between Rav Yosef and Rav Sheshet, who share a tradition from Rav that not all Noahide laws carry the death penalty. They disagree on the number - either three or four are capital offenses. Contrasting this, Rav Yehuda and Rav Huna cite Rav as saying all Noahide laws are punishable by death. The Gemara raises a challenge from a braita about theft, but resolves it. This braita discusses legal distinctions between cases of gentiles stealing from other gentiles or Jews, and Jews stealing from gentiles. The braita mentions theft, the beautiful captive woman ( eshet yefat toar ), and "similar cases" - prompting questions about what cases are considered similar to theft and similar to the beautiful captive woman. The legal requirements for convicting a gentile are less stringent than those for convicting a Jewish person. A single judge can render the verdict, testimony from one witness is sufficient, even if the witness is related to the accused, and no formal warning is required beforehand. However, testimony from women is not accepted. Rabbi Yishmael holds that a gentile who strikes a pregnant woman causing fetal death is subject to capital punishment. What are the scriptural sources of these legal principles? There are two different verses used to establish that forbidden sexual relations are included in the Noahide laws, and the Gemara explains why two separate sources are necessary, as there are some cases where a Noahide will be judged according to Jewish law.…

Daf Yomi for Women - Hadran

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Sanhedrin 56 - February 11, 13 Shvat 45:08

15 weeks ago45:08