E22 Kratom and Pseudoindoxyl Metabolites

Kratom Addiction

Guest analysis about kratom pharmacology with academic references for this episode's commentary. Contact info at end of the show notes if you are seeking help quitting kratom.

SOURCES

Angyal, Péter, Kristóf Hegedüs, Bence Balázs Mészáros, János Daru, Ádám Dudás, Anna Rita Galambos, Nariman Essmat, Mahmoud Al-Khrasani, Szilárd Varga, and Tibor Soós. 2023a. “Gram-Scale Syntheses of Kratom Pseudoindoxyl Metabolites: Illuminating the Dynamic Stereochemistry and the Resulting Structural Plasticity of Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl.” ChemRxiv, February. https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/63dab15989c04b6693c92cba

Angyal, Péter, Kristóf Hegedüs, Bence Balázs Mészáros, János Daru, Ádám Dudás, Anna Rita Galambos, Nariman Essmat, Mahmoud Al-Khrasani, Szilárd Varga, and Tibor Soós. 2023b. “Total Synthesis and Structural Plasticity of Kratom Pseudoindoxyl Metabolites.” Angewandte Chemie , June, e202303700. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202303700

Chakraborty, Soumen, Rajendra Uprety, Amal E. Daibani, Valerie L. Rouzic, Amanda Hunkele, Kevin Appourchaux, Shainnel O. Eans, et al. 2021. “Kratom Alkaloids as Probes for Opioid Receptor Function: Pharmacological Characterization of Minor Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids from Kratom.” ACS Chemical Neuroscience 12 (14): 2661–78. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00149

Chakraborty, Soumen, Rajendra Uprety, Samuel T. Slocum, Takeshi Irie, Valerie Le Rouzic, Xiaohai Li, Lisa L. Wilson, et al. 2021. “Oxidative Metabolism as a Modulator of Kratom’s Biological Actions.” Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 64 (22): 16553–72. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01111

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Kamble, Shyam H., Francisco León, Tamara I. King, Erin C. Berthold, Carolina Lopera-Londoño, Kanumuri Siva Rama Raju, Aidan J. Hampson, et al. 2020. “Metabolism of a Kratom Alkaloid Metabolite in Human Plasma Increases Its Opioid Potency and Efficacy.” ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science 3 (6): 1063–68. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.0c00075

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